Simplified retelling · JLPT N3
犬と笛 Inu to Fue in easy Japanese (N3)
This is our own simplified retelling of The Woodcutter, His Flute and Three Dogs, written for N3 learners and checked word by word against the N3 vocabulary list. A few story words and grammar patterns go beyond N3; the notes below give each one's level. It keeps the characters, events and ending of the original. When it feels easy, move on to the original text.
The story in brief
Kaminagahiko, a young woodcutter whose flute playing charms all of nature, receives three magic dogs from three mountain gods. With the dogs he rescues the Minister's two daughters from the villains who hold them in mountain caves, but two jealous samurai steal his flute and his glory. With help from the mountain spirits he gets the flute back, proves the truth with the princesses' combs, and marries one of the princesses.
AI translation · independently checked
昔、大和の国のかつらぎ山に、かみながひこという若いきこりが住んでいました。Long ago, on Mount Katsuragi in the province of Yamato, there lived a young woodcutter called Kaminagahiko.
顔が女の人のように優しくて、髪も女の人のように長かったので、この名前で呼ばれていました。His face was as gentle as a woman's, and his hair was as long as a woman's, so he was called by this name.
かみながひこは、ふえがとても上手でした。Kaminagahiko was very good at playing the flute.
山で仕事をする間も、休む時にはふえを吹いて楽しんでいました。Even while he worked on the mountain, whenever he rested he would enjoy playing his flute.
すると不思議なことに、鳥や動物も、草や木も、その音をじっと聞いていました。And, strange to say, the birds and the beasts, and even the grass and the trees, would listen quietly to its sound.
ある日、大きな木の下でふえを吹いていると、足が一本しかない大きな男が現れました。One day, as he was playing his flute at the foot of a great tree, a huge man with only one leg appeared.
「お前のふえは本当にすばらしい。毎日楽しく聞いていたよ。お礼に、何でも好きな物をあげよう。」"Your flute is truly wonderful. I have listened to it with pleasure every day. As thanks, I will give you anything you like."
かみながひこは少し考えて、「犬が好きなので、犬を一ぴきください」と答えました。Kaminagahiko thought for a moment and answered, "I am fond of dogs, so please give me a dog."
「犬一ぴきだけでいいのか。では、不思議な犬をあげよう。わたしはかつらぎ山の足一つの神だ。」"Just one dog will do? Then I shall give you a wondrous dog. I am the One-Legged God of Mount Katsuragi."
もりの中から、白い犬が走って来ました。Out of the forest came a white dog, running.
名前は「かげ」です。Its name was Kage.
においで、どんな遠い所のことでも分かる利口な犬でした。It was a clever dog that could find out about anything by its smell, however far away the place might be.
神は、きりのように消えてしまいました。The god vanished like mist.
次の日は、手が一本しかない神が、黒い犬をくれました。The next day, a god with only one arm gave him a black dog.
名前は「とべ」です。Its name was Tobe.
背中に乗れば、空を飛んでどこへでも行けます。If you rode on its back, it would fly through the sky and take you anywhere.
その次の日は、目が一つしかない神が、強い犬をくれました。The day after that, a god with only one eye gave him a strong dog.
名前は「かめ」です。Its name was Kame.
どんな恐ろしいおにでも、かんで殺してしまいます。However fearsome a demon might be, this dog would bite it to death.
「この犬たちは、お前がふえを吹けば、どこにいても帰って来る。でも、ふえがなければ来ないよ。忘れてはいけない。」"Whenever you play your flute, these dogs will come back to you, wherever they are. But without the flute, they will not come. Do not forget that."
四、五日たって、かみながひこは、馬に乗った二人の若いさむらいに会いました。Four or five days later, Kaminagahiko met two young samurai on horseback.
「だいじんさまのおひめさまが二人、一晩でいなくなった。見つけた者は、ほうびがもらえるのだ。」"The Minister's two princesses have vanished in a single night. Whoever finds them will receive a reward."
二人はかみながひこをばかにしたように見て、行ってしまいました。The two looked at Kaminagahiko as if they thought him a fool, and rode away.
かみながひこは、白い犬の頭をなでて言いました。Kaminagahiko stroked the white dog's head and said,
「かげ、おひめさまたちを探せ。」"Kage, find the princesses."
「わん、わん。お姉さんのおひめさまは、いこま山のほらあなで、しょくしんじんという悪者につかまっています。」"Woof, woof. The elder princess has been captured by a villain called the shokushinjin, in a cave on Mount Ikoma."
かみながひこは黒い犬に乗りました。Kaminagahiko climbed onto the black dog.
「とべ、いこま山へ飛んで行け。」黒い犬は、木の葉のように空へ上がりました。"Tobe, fly to Mount Ikoma!" The black dog rose into the sky like a leaf.
ほらあなでは、金のくしを付けたきれいなおひめさまがないていました。In the cave, a beautiful princess wearing a golden comb was weeping.
「助けに来ました。もう心配はいりません。」"I have come to rescue you. There is no need to worry any more."
「でも、おくで悪者がお酒によって寝ています。起きたら、殺されてしまいます。」But the villain is sleeping at the back of the cave, drunk on sake. If he wakes up, you will be killed.
かみながひこは笑って、「かめ、しょくしんじんを殺せ」と言いました。Kaminagahiko laughed and said, "Kame, kill the shokushinjin."
犬はすぐにおくへ走って行き、悪者を殺して戻って来ました。The dog at once ran to the back of the cave, killed the villain, and came back.
すると、風の中から優しい声が聞こえました。Then a gentle voice was heard from within the wind.
「ありがとう。わたしは悪者にいじめられていた、いこま山のこまひめです。」"Thank you. I am Komahime of Mount Ikoma, who was tormented by that villain."
「妹は今、どこにいるのでしょう。」とおひめさまが言うと、白い犬が答えました。When the princess said, "Where can my younger sister be now?", the white dog answered.
「わん、わん。妹さんは、かさぎ山のほらあなで、つちぐもという悪者につかまっています。」"Woof, woof. Your younger sister has been captured by a villain called the tsuchigumo, in a cave on Mount Kasagi."
みんなは黒い犬に乗って、かさぎ山へ飛んで行きました。They all climbed onto the black dog and flew to Mount Kasagi.
つちぐもは、うそが上手な悪者でした。The tsuchigumo was a villain who was clever at telling lies.
かみながひこが「おひめさまを返さなければ殺すぞ」と怒ると、こわがって「どうぞ、中へ入ってください」と言いました。When Kaminagahiko cried angrily, "Give back the princess, or I will kill you!", the tsuchigumo grew frightened and said, "Please, do come inside."
ほらあなの中では、銀のくしを付けたかわいいおひめさまがないていました。Inside the cave, a lovely princess wearing a silver comb was weeping.
二人のおひめさまは、抱き合ってうれしなみだを流しました。The two princesses embraced each other and shed tears of joy.
その時、犬たちが急にほえ始めました。At that moment, the dogs suddenly began to bark.
つちぐもが、大きないわで入口を閉めてしまったのです。The tsuchigumo had shut the entrance with a great rock.
「一月もたたないうちに、お前たちはここで死ぬぞ。」と、外で笑っています。"Before a month has passed, you will all die in there!" he laughed outside.
かみながひこは、ふえを思い出しました。Then Kaminagahiko remembered his flute.
そして、いっしょうけんめい吹きました。And he played it with all his heart.
その音があまり美しいので、つちぐもは夢中になって、少しずついわを開けました。The sound was so beautiful that the tsuchigumo became enchanted and moved the rock aside, little by little.
人が一人通れるくらい開いた時、「かめ、つちぐもを殺せ」と言いました。When it had opened just wide enough for one person to pass, Kaminagahiko said, "Kame, kill the tsuchigumo."
犬は電気のように速く飛び出して、悪者を殺しました。The dog leapt out as fast as lightning and killed the villain.
風の中から、また優しい声が聞こえました。Again a gentle voice was heard from within the wind.
「ありがとう。わたしは、かさぎ山のかさひめです。」"Thank you. I am Kasahime of Mount Kasagi."
みんなは黒い犬に乗って、都へ向かいました。They all climbed onto the black dog and set off for the capital.
その途中、おひめさまたちは金と銀のくしを、そっとかみながひこの髪に付けました。On the way, the princesses quietly placed their golden and silver combs in Kaminagahiko's hair.
でも、かみながひこは気が付きませんでした。But Kaminagahiko did not notice.
道の上まで来ると、あのさむらいたちが見えました。When they came above the road, they saw those samurai.
かみながひこは自分のしたことを話したくなって、下に降りました。Kaminagahiko wanted to tell them what he had done, so he came down to the ground.
さむらいたちは、きこりに負けたので、とても腹が立ちました。The samurai were very angry at having been beaten by a woodcutter.
でも、うれしそうな顔で、犬とふえのことを全部聞き出しました。But with pleased faces, they drew out of him everything about the dogs and the flute.
そして、ふえを盗むと、おひめさまと二ひきの犬を連れて黒い犬に乗り、「とべ、都へ飛んで行け」とさけびました。Then they stole the flute, took the princesses and the two dogs with them, climbed onto the black dog, and shouted, "Tobe, fly to the capital!"
黒い犬は、すぐに空の遠くへ消えてしまいました。The black dog at once vanished far away into the sky.
かみながひこは、道の真ん中でずっとないていました。Kaminagahiko kept crying in the middle of the road.
すると、二つの山から優しい風が吹いて来ました。Then a gentle wind came blowing from the two mountains.
「かみながひこさん、心配しないでください。わたしたちが、ふえを取り返してあげます。」"Kaminagahiko, please do not worry. We will get your flute back for you."
少しすると、風が戻って来ました。After a little while, the wind came back.
「さむらいたちは、もうだいじんさまからほうびをもらっています。早くふえを吹いて、犬を呼びなさい。」"The samurai have already received their reward from the Minister. Quickly, play your flute and call your dogs."
そして空から、ふえと、金のよろいや、りっぱなゆみなどが降って来ました。And down from the sky fell the flute, together with golden armour, a splendid bow and other things.
かみながひこは、りっぱな服を着て、ふえを吹きました。Kaminagahiko put on the splendid clothes and played his flute.
三びきの犬が帰って来ました。The three dogs came back.
黒い犬に乗って、だいじんさまの家へ降りて行くと、さむらいたちはとてもおどろきました。When he rode the black dog down to the Minister's house, the samurai were greatly astonished.
「おひめさまを助けたのは、わたしです。このさむらいたちは、指一本も動かしていません。」"It was I who rescued the princesses. These samurai did not lift a single finger."
さむらいたちは顔色を変えて、「うそです。悪者を殺したのは、わたしたちです」と言いました。The samurai turned pale and said, "That is a lie. It was we who killed the villains."
だいじんさまは、どちらが本当か分からないので、おひめさまたちに聞きました。The Minister could not tell which was the truth, so he asked the princesses.
「わたしたちを助けたのは、かみながひこです。あの人の髪に、わたしたちのくしを付けておきました。」"It was Kaminagahiko who rescued us. We placed our combs in his hair."
見ると、かみながひこの頭に、金と銀のくしが光っていました。They looked, and there on Kaminagahiko's head the golden and silver combs were shining.
さむらいたちは、「本当はうそを言いました。どうか命だけはお助けください」と、ふるえながらあやまりました。Trembling, the samurai apologised: "In truth, we lied. We beg you, at least spare our lives."
かみながひこは、たくさんのほうびをもらって、だいじんさまの娘とけっこんしました。Kaminagahiko received a great many rewards and married the Minister's daughter.
さむらいたちは、三びきの犬に追われて逃げて行きました。The samurai ran away, chased by the three dogs.
でも、どちらのおひめさまがおよめさんになったのかは、昔のことなので、今はだれにも分かりません。But which of the princesses became his bride, no one knows today, for it all happened long, long ago.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning | JLPT |
|---|---|---|
| きこりきこり | woodcutterdictionary form: 樵Old-fashioned word for someone who cuts trees in the mountains for a living. | — |
| 不思議ふしぎ | strange, mysterious, wondrous不思議なことに = 'strangely enough'. 不思議な犬 = a magical, wondrous dog. | N3 |
| 現れあらわれる | to appeardictionary form: 現れるUsed for something suddenly coming into view. | N3 |
| お礼おれい | thanks; a gift of thanksお礼に = 'as thanks'. | N4 |
| 利口りこう | clever, smartOften used for clever animals and children. | N3 |
| ほうびほうび | rewarddictionary form: 褒美A prize given by a superior for good service. | N1 |
| ほらあなほらあな | cavedictionary form: 洞穴 | — |
| 悪者わるもの | villain, bad guy悪 (bad) + 者 (person). | N1 |
| つちぐもつちぐも | tsuchigumo, 'earth spider': a legendary cave-dwelling monsterdictionary form: 土蜘蛛Kept in Japanese because English has no equivalent; in old legends the name was also used for rebel tribes defeated by early emperors. | — |
| いっしょうけんめいいっしょうけんめい | with all one's might, as hard as one candictionary form: 一生懸命 | N4 |
| 夢中むちゅう | absorbed, entranced夢中になる = to become completely absorbed in something. | N3 |
| 腹が立ちはらがたつ | to get angrydictionary form: 腹が立つLiterally 'the belly stands up'. | — |
| 盗むぬすむ | to steal | N4 |
| 取り返しとりかえす | to get back, to recoverdictionary form: 取り返す取る (take) + 返す (return). | — |
Grammar
〜のように N4 like ~, as ~ as ~
Noun + のように compares something to the noun. Here it describes his face and hair by comparing them to a woman's.
顔が女の人のように優しくて、髪も女の人のように長かったので
His face was as gentle as a woman's, and his hair was as long as a woman's, so
〜てしまう N4 to do completely; (something) ends up happening
Te-form + しまう stresses that an action is complete and final, often with surprise or regret. Here the god vanishes completely and is gone.
神は、きりのように消えてしまいました。
The god vanished like mist.
〜ば N4 if ~
The ば-form states a condition and its natural result. Riding on Tobe's back leads to being able to fly anywhere.
背中に乗れば、空を飛んでどこへでも行けます。
If you rode on its back, it would fly through the sky and take you anywhere.
〜ないうちに N3 before ~ (happens)
Negative form + うちに means 'while something has not yet happened', that is, 'before it happens'. The tsuchigumo says they will die before even a month has passed.
一月もたたないうちに、お前たちはここで死ぬぞ。
Before a month has passed, you will all die in there!
〜くらい N4 to the extent that ~, enough to ~
A clause + くらい shows degree, meaning 'to the extent that'. The rock opened just wide enough for one person to pass through.
人が一人通れるくらい開いた時
When it had opened just wide enough for one person to pass
〜ておく N4 to do something in advance, for a later purpose
Te-form + おく shows an action done deliberately with a later use in mind. The princesses placed the combs in his hair so they could later prove who saved them.
あの人の髪に、わたしたちのくしを付けておきました。
We placed our combs in his hair.