Simplified retelling · JLPT N4
犬と笛 Inu to Fue in easy Japanese (N4)
This is our own simplified retelling of The Woodcutter, His Flute and Three Dogs, written for N4 learners and checked word by word against the N4 vocabulary list. A few story words and grammar patterns go beyond N4; the notes below give each one's level. It keeps the characters, events and ending of the original. When it feels easy, move on to the N3 version or the original text.
The story in brief
A gentle woodcutter named Kaminagahiko receives three magic dogs from mountain gods in return for his flute playing. With the dogs he rescues the minister's two daughters from a demon and from the Tsuchigumo. Two samurai steal the credit, but the princesses' combs in his hair prove the truth, and he marries one of the minister's daughters.
AI translation · independently checked
むかし、かつらぎ山の近くの村に、わかい男が住んでいました。Long ago, a young man lived in a village near Mount Katsuragi.
名前はかみながひこです。His name was Kaminagahiko.
かおがやさしくて、かみも女の人のように長かったです。He had a gentle face, and his hair was as long as a woman's.
かみながひこは山で木を切る仕事をしていました。Kaminagahiko worked in the mountains cutting wood.
ふえがとても上手で、仕事の間によくふきました。He played the flute very well, and he often played it while he worked.
その音を聞くと、鳥や動物が集まって、静かに聞いていました。Whenever the birds and animals heard its sound, they gathered round and listened quietly.
ある日、足が一本の大きな男が来ました。One day, a huge man with only one leg came to him.
「わたしはこの山のかみさまだ。あなたのふえは毎日楽しかった。おれいに、ほしい物をあげよう。」かみながひこは「犬が大好きですから、犬を一ぴきください。」と答えました。"I am the god of this mountain. I have enjoyed your flute every day. To thank you, I will give you whatever you want." Kaminagahiko answered, "I love dogs very much, so please give me a dog."
かみさまは白い犬をくれました。The god gave him a white dog.
「この犬は、とおい所のことも分かる犬だ。」"This dog can find out things even in faraway places."
次の日は、手が一本のかみさまが、黒い犬をくれました。The next day, a god with only one arm gave him a black dog.
「この犬にのれば、空をとんで、どこへでも行ける。」その次の日は、目が一つのかみさまが、茶色の犬をくれました。"If you ride on this dog, you can fly through the sky and go anywhere at all." The day after that, a god with only one eye gave him a brown dog.
「この犬はとても強い。こわいおにも、この犬には勝てません。犬たちは、ふえの音を聞くと、どこからでも帰って来る。ふえを大切にしなさい。」"This dog is very strong. Not even a fearsome demon can beat this dog. Whenever the dogs hear the sound of your flute, they will come back to you from anywhere. Take good care of your flute."
四、五日後、かみながひこは道で二人のわかいさむらいに会いました。Four or five days later, Kaminagahiko met two young samurai on the road.
「だいじんのむすめが二人、おにに連れて行かれた。見つけた人に、だいじんはたくさんお金をくださるのだ。」さむらいたちはそう話して、わらいながら行きました。"The minister's two daughters have been carried off by demons. The minister will give a great deal of money to whoever finds them." The samurai said this and went on their way, laughing.
かみながひこが白い犬にたのむと、犬は答えました。When Kaminagahiko asked the white dog, the dog answered.
「お姉さんのおひめさまは、いこま山のほらあなにいます。しょくしんじんという悪いおにの所です。」かみながひこはほかの二ひきを持って、黒い犬にのりました。"The elder princess is in a cave on Mount Ikoma. She is with a wicked demon called the Shokushinjin." Kaminagahiko took the other two dogs and climbed onto the black dog.
「とべ。」犬は空へ上がって、とんで行きました。"Fly!" The dog rose into the sky and flew away.
ほらあなには、金のくしをつけたきれいなおひめさまがいました。In the cave there was a beautiful princess wearing a golden comb in her hair.
「あそこでおにがねています。おきたら、とてもあぶないです。」かみながひこがたのむと、茶色の犬はほらあなの中へ走って行きました。"The demon is sleeping over there. If he wakes up, it will be very dangerous." When Kaminagahiko asked it to, the brown dog ran into the cave.
少しして、おには死にました。A little while later, the demon was dead.
すると、風の中からこえがしました。Then a voice came from out of the wind.
「わたしはおににいじめられていた、こまひめです。このおれいはわすれません。」"I am Komahime, whom the demon was tormenting. I will never forget this kindness."
おひめさまは妹を心配しました。The princess was worried about her younger sister.
白い犬は「妹のおひめさまは、かさぎ山のつちぐもの所です。」と答えました。The white dog answered, "The younger princess is with the Tsuchigumo on Mount Kasagi."
みんなは黒い犬にのって、かさぎ山へとびました。They all rode on the black dog and flew to Mount Kasagi.
つちぐもは悪いことをよく考える男でした。The Tsuchigumo was a man who was always thinking up wicked tricks.
こわくなったつちぐもは「おひめさまは中にいます。どうぞ。」と話しました。Growing frightened, the Tsuchigumo said, "The princess is inside. Please, go in."
中には、銀のくしをつけたおひめさまがいました。Inside was a princess wearing a silver comb in her hair.
二人のおひめさまはとてもよろこびました。The two princesses were overjoyed.
すると、犬たちが大きなこえで鳴きはじめました。Just then, the dogs began to bark loudly.
つちぐもが大きな石で入口を閉めたのです。The Tsuchigumo had shut the entrance with a huge rock.
「ははは。一月でみんな死ぬぞ。」"Ha ha ha! In a month you will all be dead!"
かみながひこは困りましたが、ふえのことを思い出して、きれいにふきました。Kaminagahiko did not know what to do, but then he remembered his flute and played it beautifully.
つちぐもはその音がとても好きになって、少しずつ石を開けました。The Tsuchigumo came to love the sound so much that he moved the rock open, little by little.
人が一人通れるくらい開くと、かみながひこはふえをやめて、茶色の犬をよびました。When it was open wide enough for one person to pass through, Kaminagahiko stopped playing and called the brown dog.
犬は外へとび出して、つちぐもは死にました。The dog leapt outside, and the Tsuchigumo was killed.
また風の中から「わたしはかさぎ山のかさひめです。このおれいはわすれません。」とこえがしました。Again a voice came from out of the wind: "I am Kasahime of Mount Kasagi. I will never forget this kindness."
だいじんの町へとぶとちゅうで、おひめさまたちは金のくしと銀のくしを、かみながひこのかみにそっとつけました。On the way, as they flew to the minister's town, the princesses quietly put the golden comb and the silver comb into Kaminagahiko's hair.
かみながひこは気がつきませんでした。Kaminagahiko did not notice.
道の上に、あのさむらいたちが見えました。Down on the road, they could see those same samurai.
かみながひこは道におりて、話をしました。Kaminagahiko came down onto the road and told them what had happened.
さむらいたちはおもしろくありませんでした。The samurai were not pleased.
でも、よろこんでいるようにして、犬やふえのことを全部聞きました。But they pretended to be glad, and asked him everything about the dogs and the flute.
そして、かみながひこが安心している間に、ふえをとって、おひめさまたちと犬たちといっしょに、黒い犬にのってとんで行きました。Then, while Kaminagahiko was off his guard, they took the flute, got onto the black dog together with the princesses and the dogs, and flew away.
かみながひこはとてもかなしくなりました。Kaminagahiko grew very sad.
すると、風の中から二つのこえがしました。Then two voices came from out of the wind.
「こまひめとかさひめです。ふえを持って来ます。」少しして、風がもどって来ました。"We are Komahime and Kasahime. We will bring back your flute." A little while later, the wind returned.
「さむらいたちは、だいじんからお金をもらっています。早くふえをふいて、犬をよびなさい。」そして、空からふえと、りっぱな着物や道具がふって来ました。"The samurai are receiving money from the minister. Quickly, play your flute and call your dogs." Then the flute, along with fine robes and other splendid things, fell down from the sky.
かみながひこはりっぱな着物を着て、犬たちとだいじんの家へとんで行きました。Kaminagahiko put on the fine robes and flew with his dogs to the minister's house.
「おひめさまたちをたすけたのは、わたしです。」さむらいたちは「うそです。おにを死なせたのは、わたしたちです。」と答えました。"It was I who rescued the princesses." The samurai answered, "That is a lie. It was we who killed the demons."
だいじんはどちらがほんとうか分かりませんでした。The minister could not tell which of them was telling the truth.
おひめさまたちは「たすけてくれたのは、かみながひこです。かみに、わたしたちのくしをつけておきました。」と答えました。The princesses answered, "It was Kaminagahiko who saved us. We put our combs in his hair."
見ると、かみながひこのかみに、金と銀のくしがきれいにひかっていました。When they looked, the golden and silver combs were shining beautifully in Kaminagahiko's hair.
さむらいたちは「うそでした。ごめんなさい。」とあやまりました。The samurai apologised: "We lied. We are sorry."
かみながひこはたくさんのお金をもらって、だいじんのむすめとけっこんしました。Kaminagahiko received a great deal of money and married the minister's daughter.
さむらいたちは三びきの犬に走って来られて、外へにげて行きました。The three dogs came running at the samurai, and they fled outside.
でも、どちらのおひめさまとけっこんしたのか、それは今もだれも知りません。But which princess he married, no one knows even now.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning | JLPT |
|---|---|---|
| ふきましたふく | to play (a wind instrument); to blowdictionary form: 吹くUsed for flutes and other wind instruments. ひく is used for string instruments and the piano. | N5 |
| 集まってあつまる | to gather, to come togetherdictionary form: 集まるIntransitive verb. The transitive pair is 集める (to collect). | N4 |
| おれいおれい | thanks; a reward or gift given in thanksdictionary form: お礼おれいに means "as thanks". | N4 |
| 連れて行かれたつれていく | to take (someone) along; here, passive: were carried offdictionary form: 連れて行くUsed for people and animals. For things, use 持って行く. | — |
| たのむたのむ | to ask (someone to do something), to requestdictionary form: 頼む | N5 |
| ほらあなほらあな | cavedictionary form: 洞穴Usually written in kana. A more common everyday word is どうくつ. | — |
| くしくし | comb (worn as a hair ornament)dictionary form: 櫛Key story object: the combs later prove who rescued the princesses. | N2 |
| いじめられていたいじめる | to torment, to bullydictionary form: いじめるHere in the passive progressive: "was being tormented". | N4 |
| 心配しましたしんぱいする | to worry (about)dictionary form: 心配するThe thing you worry about is marked with を. | — |
| 困りましたこまる | to be in trouble, to not know what to dodictionary form: 困る | N5 |
| 気がつきませんでしたきがつく | to notice, to realisedictionary form: 気がつくThe thing noticed is marked with に. | — |
| 安心しているあんしんする | to feel at ease; here, to be off one's guarddictionary form: 安心する | — |
| あやまりましたあやまる | to apologisedictionary form: 謝る | N4 |
| にげてにげる | to run away, to fleedictionary form: 逃げる | N4 |
Grammar
〜と (whenever / natural result) N4 when(ever) A happens, B happens
Plain non-past verb + と shows that the second event always or naturally follows the first. Here, hearing the flute regularly brings the animals together.
その音を聞くと、鳥や動物が集まって、静かに聞いていました。
Whenever the birds and animals heard its sound, they gathered round and listened quietly.
〜ば (conditional) N4 if ~
The ば-form (のる → のれば) sets a condition, and the result follows. It often states what becomes possible once the condition is met.
この犬にのれば、空をとんで、どこへでも行ける。
If you ride on this dog, you can fly through the sky and go anywhere at all.
〜のです (explanation) N4 the fact is that ~; you see, ~
Adding のです to a sentence gives the reason behind something just described. Here it explains why the dogs suddenly began barking.
つちぐもが大きな石で入口を閉めたのです。
The Tsuchigumo had shut the entrance with a huge rock.
〜ている間に N4 while ~ (something else happens)
間に marks a period of time during which a single action takes place. The samurai steal the flute during the time Kaminagahiko is off his guard.
かみながひこが安心している間に、ふえをとって
while Kaminagahiko was off his guard, they took the flute
〜ておく N4 to do something in advance / for later
て-form + おく means doing something now for a future purpose. The princesses had placed the combs in his hair so that they could later serve as proof.
かみに、わたしたちのくしをつけておきました。
We put our combs in his hair.
Suffering passive (〜られる with an intransitive verb) N3 to be affected (usually badly) by someone else's action
Even intransitive verbs like 来る can be made passive (来られる) to show that the subject suffers from someone else's action. The samurai are on the receiving end of the dogs charging at them.
さむらいたちは三びきの犬に走って来られて、外へにげて行きました。
The three dogs came running at the samurai, and they fled outside.