犬と笛芥川竜之介N4 · easy

Simplified retelling · JLPT N4

犬と笛 Inu to Fue in easy Japanese (N4)

Retold for N4 learners after the story by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke · 1,955 characters

This is our own simplified retelling of The Woodcutter, His Flute and Three Dogs, written for N4 learners and checked word by word against the N4 vocabulary list. A few story words and grammar patterns go beyond N4; the notes below give each one's level. It keeps the characters, events and ending of the original. When it feels easy, move on to the N3 version or the original text.

The story in brief

A gentle woodcutter named Kaminagahiko receives three magic dogs from mountain gods in return for his flute playing. With the dogs he rescues the minister's two daughters from a demon and from the Tsuchigumo. Two samurai steal the credit, but the princesses' combs in his hair prove the truth, and he marries one of the minister's daughters.

AI translation · independently checked

むかし、かつらぎ山やまの近ちかくの村むらに、わかい男おとこが住すんでいました。Long ago, a young man lived in a village near Mount Katsuragi.

名前なまえはかみながひこです。His name was Kaminagahiko.

かおがやさしくて、かみも女おんなの人ひとのように長ながかったです。He had a gentle face, and his hair was as long as a woman's.

かみながひこは山やまで木きを切きる仕事しごとをしていました。Kaminagahiko worked in the mountains cutting wood.

ふえがとても上手じょうずで、仕事しごとの間あいだによくふきました。He played the flute very well, and he often played it while he worked.

その音おとを聞きくと、鳥とりや動物どうぶつが集あつまって、静しずかに聞きいていました。Whenever the birds and animals heard its sound, they gathered round and listened quietly.

ある日ひ、足あしが一本いっぽんの大おおきな男おとこが来きました。One day, a huge man with only one leg came to him.

「わたしはこの山やまのかみさまだ。あなたのふえは毎日まいにち楽たのしかった。おれいに、ほしい物ものをあげよう。」かみながひこは「犬いぬが大好だいすきですから、犬いぬを一いっぴきください。」と答こたえました。"I am the god of this mountain. I have enjoyed your flute every day. To thank you, I will give you whatever you want." Kaminagahiko answered, "I love dogs very much, so please give me a dog."

かみさまは白しろい犬いぬをくれました。The god gave him a white dog.

「この犬いぬは、とおい所ところのことも分わかる犬いぬだ。」"This dog can find out things even in faraway places."

次つぎの日ひは、手てが一本いっぽんのかみさまが、黒くろい犬いぬをくれました。The next day, a god with only one arm gave him a black dog.

「この犬いぬにのれば、空そらをとんで、どこへでも行いける。」その次つぎの日ひは、目めが一ひとつのかみさまが、茶色ちゃいろの犬いぬをくれました。"If you ride on this dog, you can fly through the sky and go anywhere at all." The day after that, a god with only one eye gave him a brown dog.

「この犬いぬはとても強つよい。こわいおにも、この犬いぬには勝かてません。犬いぬたちは、ふえの音おとを聞きくと、どこからでも帰かえって来くる。ふえを大切たいせつにしなさい。」"This dog is very strong. Not even a fearsome demon can beat this dog. Whenever the dogs hear the sound of your flute, they will come back to you from anywhere. Take good care of your flute."

四し、五日ごにち後ご、かみながひこは道みちで二人ふたりのわかいさむらいに会あいました。Four or five days later, Kaminagahiko met two young samurai on the road.

「だいじんのむすめが二人ふたり、おにに連つれて行いかれた。見みつけた人ひとに、だいじんはたくさんお金かねをくださるのだ。」さむらいたちはそう話はなして、わらいながら行いきました。"The minister's two daughters have been carried off by demons. The minister will give a great deal of money to whoever finds them." The samurai said this and went on their way, laughing.

かみながひこが白しろい犬いぬにたのむと、犬いぬは答こたえました。When Kaminagahiko asked the white dog, the dog answered.

「お姉ねえさんのおひめさまは、いこま山やまのほらあなにいます。しょくしんじんという悪わるいおにの所ところです。」かみながひこはほかの二にひきを持もって、黒くろい犬いぬにのりました。"The elder princess is in a cave on Mount Ikoma. She is with a wicked demon called the Shokushinjin." Kaminagahiko took the other two dogs and climbed onto the black dog.

「とべ。」犬いぬは空そらへ上あがって、とんで行いきました。"Fly!" The dog rose into the sky and flew away.

ほらあなには、金きんのくしをつけたきれいなおひめさまがいました。In the cave there was a beautiful princess wearing a golden comb in her hair.

「あそこでおにがねています。おきたら、とてもあぶないです。」かみながひこがたのむと、茶色ちゃいろの犬いぬはほらあなの中なかへ走はしって行いきました。"The demon is sleeping over there. If he wakes up, it will be very dangerous." When Kaminagahiko asked it to, the brown dog ran into the cave.

少すこしして、おには死しにました。A little while later, the demon was dead.

すると、風かぜの中なかからこえがしました。Then a voice came from out of the wind.

「わたしはおににいじめられていた、こまひめです。このおれいはわすれません。」"I am Komahime, whom the demon was tormenting. I will never forget this kindness."

おひめさまは妹いもうとを心配しんぱいしました。The princess was worried about her younger sister.

白しろい犬いぬは「妹いもうとのおひめさまは、かさぎ山やまのつちぐもの所ところです。」と答こたえました。The white dog answered, "The younger princess is with the Tsuchigumo on Mount Kasagi."

みんなは黒くろい犬いぬにのって、かさぎ山やまへとびました。They all rode on the black dog and flew to Mount Kasagi.

つちぐもは悪わるいことをよく考かんがえる男おとこでした。The Tsuchigumo was a man who was always thinking up wicked tricks.

こわくなったつちぐもは「おひめさまは中なかにいます。どうぞ。」と話はなしました。Growing frightened, the Tsuchigumo said, "The princess is inside. Please, go in."

中なかには、銀ぎんのくしをつけたおひめさまがいました。Inside was a princess wearing a silver comb in her hair.

二人ふたりのおひめさまはとてもよろこびました。The two princesses were overjoyed.

すると、犬いぬたちが大おおきなこえで鳴なきはじめました。Just then, the dogs began to bark loudly.

つちぐもが大おおきな石いしで入口いりぐちを閉しめたのです。The Tsuchigumo had shut the entrance with a huge rock.

「ははは。一月ひとつきでみんな死しぬぞ。」"Ha ha ha! In a month you will all be dead!"

かみながひこは困こまりましたが、ふえのことを思おもい出だして、きれいにふきました。Kaminagahiko did not know what to do, but then he remembered his flute and played it beautifully.

つちぐもはその音おとがとても好すきになって、少すこしずつ石いしを開あけました。The Tsuchigumo came to love the sound so much that he moved the rock open, little by little.

人ひとが一人ひとり通とおれるくらい開ひらくと、かみながひこはふえをやめて、茶色ちゃいろの犬いぬをよびました。When it was open wide enough for one person to pass through, Kaminagahiko stopped playing and called the brown dog.

犬いぬは外そとへとび出だして、つちぐもは死しにました。The dog leapt outside, and the Tsuchigumo was killed.

また風かぜの中なかから「わたしはかさぎ山やまのかさひめです。このおれいはわすれません。」とこえがしました。Again a voice came from out of the wind: "I am Kasahime of Mount Kasagi. I will never forget this kindness."

だいじんの町まちへとぶとちゅうで、おひめさまたちは金きんのくしと銀ぎんのくしを、かみながひこのかみにそっとつけました。On the way, as they flew to the minister's town, the princesses quietly put the golden comb and the silver comb into Kaminagahiko's hair.

かみながひこは気きがつきませんでした。Kaminagahiko did not notice.

道みちの上うえに、あのさむらいたちが見みえました。Down on the road, they could see those same samurai.

かみながひこは道みちにおりて、話はなしをしました。Kaminagahiko came down onto the road and told them what had happened.

さむらいたちはおもしろくありませんでした。The samurai were not pleased.

でも、よろこんでいるようにして、犬いぬやふえのことを全部ぜんぶ聞ききました。But they pretended to be glad, and asked him everything about the dogs and the flute.

そして、かみながひこが安心あんしんしている間あいだに、ふえをとって、おひめさまたちと犬いぬたちといっしょに、黒くろい犬いぬにのってとんで行いきました。Then, while Kaminagahiko was off his guard, they took the flute, got onto the black dog together with the princesses and the dogs, and flew away.

かみながひこはとてもかなしくなりました。Kaminagahiko grew very sad.

すると、風かぜの中なかから二ふたつのこえがしました。Then two voices came from out of the wind.

「こまひめとかさひめです。ふえを持もって来きます。」少すこしして、風かぜがもどって来きました。"We are Komahime and Kasahime. We will bring back your flute." A little while later, the wind returned.

「さむらいたちは、だいじんからお金かねをもらっています。早はやくふえをふいて、犬いぬをよびなさい。」そして、空そらからふえと、りっぱな着物きものや道具どうぐがふって来きました。"The samurai are receiving money from the minister. Quickly, play your flute and call your dogs." Then the flute, along with fine robes and other splendid things, fell down from the sky.

かみながひこはりっぱな着物きものを着きて、犬いぬたちとだいじんの家いえへとんで行いきました。Kaminagahiko put on the fine robes and flew with his dogs to the minister's house.

「おひめさまたちをたすけたのは、わたしです。」さむらいたちは「うそです。おにを死しなせたのは、わたしたちです。」と答こたえました。"It was I who rescued the princesses." The samurai answered, "That is a lie. It was we who killed the demons."

だいじんはどちらがほんとうか分わかりませんでした。The minister could not tell which of them was telling the truth.

おひめさまたちは「たすけてくれたのは、かみながひこです。かみに、わたしたちのくしをつけておきました。」と答こたえました。The princesses answered, "It was Kaminagahiko who saved us. We put our combs in his hair."

見みると、かみながひこのかみに、金きんと銀ぎんのくしがきれいにひかっていました。When they looked, the golden and silver combs were shining beautifully in Kaminagahiko's hair.

さむらいたちは「うそでした。ごめんなさい。」とあやまりました。The samurai apologised: "We lied. We are sorry."

かみながひこはたくさんのお金かねをもらって、だいじんのむすめとけっこんしました。Kaminagahiko received a great deal of money and married the minister's daughter.

さむらいたちは三さんびきの犬いぬに走はしって来こられて、外そとへにげて行いきました。The three dogs came running at the samurai, and they fled outside.

でも、どちらのおひめさまとけっこんしたのか、それは今いまもだれも知しりません。But which princess he married, no one knows even now.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
ふきましたふくto play (a wind instrument); to blowdictionary form: 吹くUsed for flutes and other wind instruments. ひく is used for string instruments and the piano.N5
集まってあつまるto gather, to come togetherdictionary form: 集まるIntransitive verb. The transitive pair is 集める (to collect).N4
おれいおれいthanks; a reward or gift given in thanksdictionary form: お礼おれいに means "as thanks".N4
連れて行かれたつれていくto take (someone) along; here, passive: were carried offdictionary form: 連れて行くUsed for people and animals. For things, use 持って行く.—
たのむたのむto ask (someone to do something), to requestdictionary form: 頼むN5
ほらあなほらあなcavedictionary form: 洞穴Usually written in kana. A more common everyday word is どうくつ.—
くしくしcomb (worn as a hair ornament)dictionary form: 櫛Key story object: the combs later prove who rescued the princesses.N2
いじめられていたいじめるto torment, to bullydictionary form: いじめるHere in the passive progressive: "was being tormented".N4
心配しましたしんぱいするto worry (about)dictionary form: 心配するThe thing you worry about is marked with を.—
困りましたこまるto be in trouble, to not know what to dodictionary form: 困るN5
気がつきませんでしたきがつくto notice, to realisedictionary form: 気がつくThe thing noticed is marked with に.—
安心しているあんしんするto feel at ease; here, to be off one's guarddictionary form: 安心する—
あやまりましたあやまるto apologisedictionary form: 謝るN4
にげてにげるto run away, to fleedictionary form: 逃げるN4

Grammar

〜と (whenever / natural result) N4 when(ever) A happens, B happens

Plain non-past verb + と shows that the second event always or naturally follows the first. Here, hearing the flute regularly brings the animals together.

その音を聞くと、鳥や動物が集まって、静かに聞いていました。

Whenever the birds and animals heard its sound, they gathered round and listened quietly.

〜ば (conditional) N4 if ~

The ば-form (のる → のれば) sets a condition, and the result follows. It often states what becomes possible once the condition is met.

この犬にのれば、空をとんで、どこへでも行ける。

If you ride on this dog, you can fly through the sky and go anywhere at all.

〜のです (explanation) N4 the fact is that ~; you see, ~

Adding のです to a sentence gives the reason behind something just described. Here it explains why the dogs suddenly began barking.

つちぐもが大きな石で入口を閉めたのです。

The Tsuchigumo had shut the entrance with a huge rock.

〜ている間に N4 while ~ (something else happens)

間に marks a period of time during which a single action takes place. The samurai steal the flute during the time Kaminagahiko is off his guard.

かみながひこが安心している間に、ふえをとって

while Kaminagahiko was off his guard, they took the flute

〜ておく N4 to do something in advance / for later

て-form + おく means doing something now for a future purpose. The princesses had placed the combs in his hair so that they could later serve as proof.

かみに、わたしたちのくしをつけておきました。

We put our combs in his hair.

Suffering passive (〜られる with an intransitive verb) N3 to be affected (usually badly) by someone else's action

Even intransitive verbs like 来る can be made passive (来られる) to show that the subject suffers from someone else's action. The samurai are on the receiving end of the dogs charging at them.

さむらいたちは三びきの犬に走って来られて、外へにげて行きました。

The three dogs came running at the samurai, and they fled outside.