Cover of 形 (Katachi)

Part 1 of 1 · JLPT N1

形 Katachi, part 1: The Borrowed Scarlet Surcoat

by Kikuchi Kan · 1,674 characters · from The Scarlet Surcoat

In this part

Nakamura Shinbē is a famous spearman whose scarlet surcoat and Chinese-style helmet terrify enemy soldiers. Before his first battle, the young lord he has raised asks to borrow them, and Shinbē laughingly agrees. In plain black armour, Shinbē finds the enemy fearless and fierce against him, and while he is beginning to regret the loan, an enemy spear pierces his side.

AI translation · independently checked

摂津せっつ半国はんごくの主ぬしであった松山まつやま新介しんすけの侍さむらい大将だいしょう中村なかむら新兵衛しんべえは、五ご畿内きない中国ちゅうごくに聞きこえた大豪だいごうの士しであった。Nakamura Shinbē, the samurai commander of Matsuyama Shinsuke, lord of half the province of Settsu, was a warrior of great valour whose name was known throughout the Gokinai and Chūgoku.

そのころ、畿内きないを分ぶん領りょうしていた筒井つつい、松永まつなが、荒木あらき、和田わだ、別所べっしょなど大名だいみょう小名しょうみょうの手ての者もので、『鎗やり中なか村むら』を知しらぬ者ものは、おそらく一人ひとりもなかっただろう。In those days there was probably not a single man among the followers of the great and lesser lords who divided the Kinai between them, such as Tsutsui, Matsunaga, Araki, Wada and Bessho, who did not know of 'Yari Nakamura'.

それほど、新兵衛しんべえはその扱しごき出だす三さん間げん柄えの大身おおみの鎗やりの鋒先ほこさきで、さきがけ殿しんがりの功名こうみょうを重かさねていた。So many were the honours Shinbē had won, leading the charge and guarding the rear, with the point of the great broad-bladed spear on its eighteen-foot shaft that he thrust out.

そのうえ、彼かれの武者むしゃ姿すがたは戦場せんじょうにおいて、水みずぎわ立だったはなやかさを示しめしていた。What is more, his figure in armour showed a striking splendour on the battlefield.

火ひのような猩々緋しょうじょうひの服ふく折おりを着きて、唐とう冠かん纓金えいきんの兜かぶとをかぶった彼かれの姿すがたは、敵てき味方みかたの間あいだに、輝かがやくばかりのあざやかさをもっていた。Clad in a surcoat of fiery scarlet and wearing a helmet in the Chinese style with golden streamers, he had a brilliance among friend and foe that seemed almost to shine.

「ああ猩々しょうじょう緋ひよ唐とう冠かんよ」と敵てきの雑兵ぞうひょうは、新兵衛しんべえの鎗先やりさきを避さけた。"Ah, the scarlet! The Chinese helmet!" cried the enemy foot soldiers, and they shrank from the point of Shinbē's spear.

味方みかたがくずれ立たったとき、激浪げきろうの中なかに立たつ巌いわのように敵勢てきせいをささえている猩々しょうじょう緋ひの姿すがたは、どれほど味方みかたにとってたのもしいものであったかわからなかった。When his own side began to give way, there was no telling how reassuring that scarlet figure was to his comrades, holding back the enemy like a rock standing amid raging waves.

また嵐あらしのように敵陣てきじんに殺到さっとうするとき、その先頭せんとうに輝かがやいている唐とう冠かんの兜かぶとは、敵てきにとってどれほどの脅威きょういであるかわからなかった。And when they swept down on the enemy lines like a storm, there was no telling how great a menace the Chinese helmet shining at their head was to the enemy.

こうして鎗中やりなか村むらの猩々しょうじょう緋ひと唐とう冠かんの兜かぶとは、戦場せんじょうの華はなであり敵てきに対たいする脅威きょういであり味方みかたにとっては信頼しんらいの的まとであった。In this way, Yari Nakamura's scarlet surcoat and Chinese helmet were the glory of the battlefield, a menace to the enemy, and the very object of his comrades' trust.

「新兵衛しんべえどの、おり入はいってお願ねがいがある」と元服げんぷくしてからまだ間まもないらしい美男びなんの士さむらいは、新兵衛しんべえの前まえに手てを突ついた。"Lord Shinbē, I have a special favour to ask of you," said a handsome young samurai who seemed to have come of age only recently, and he bowed with his hands to the floor before Shinbē.

「なにごとじゃ、そなたとわれらの間あいだに、さような辞儀じぎはいらぬぞ。望のぞみというを、はよういうて見いみ」と育はぐくむような慈顔じがんをもって、新兵衛しんべえは相手あいてを見みた。"What is it, lad? There's no need for such ceremony between you and me. Come now, tell me quickly what you wish," said Shinbē, looking at him with a kindly, fatherly face.

その若わかい士さむらいは、新兵衛しんべえの主君しゅくん松山まつやま新介しんすけの側腹そばばらの子こであった。The young samurai was a son of Shinbē's master, Matsuyama Shinsuke, by a secondary wife.

そして、幼少ようしょうのころから、新兵衛しんべえが守もり役やくとして、わが子このようにいつくしみ育そだててきたのであった。And from his early childhood, Shinbē had been his guardian and had raised him lovingly, like a son of his own.

「ほかのことでもおりない。明日あすはわれらの初陣ういじんじゃほどに、なんぞはなばなしい手柄てがらをしてみたい。ついてはお身みさまの猩々しょうじょう緋ひと唐とう冠かんの兜かぶとを借かしてたもらぬか。あの服ふく折おりと兜かぶととを着きて、敵てきの眼めをおどろかしてみとうござる」"It is nothing else. Tomorrow is my first battle, and so I wish to do some glorious deed. To that end, would you not lend me your scarlet surcoat and your Chinese helmet? I would put on that surcoat and helmet and dazzle the enemy's eyes."

「ハハハハ念ねんもないことじゃ」新兵衛しんべえは高たからかに笑わらった。"Ha-ha-ha! Nothing could be easier!" Shinbē laughed loudly.

新兵衛しんべえは、相手あいての子供こどもらしい無邪気むじゃきな功名心こうみょうしんをこころよく受うけ入いれることができた。Shinbē could gladly accept the young man's innocent, childlike longing for glory.

「が、申もうしておく、あの服ふく折おりや兜かぶとは、申もうさば中村なかむら新兵衛しんべえの形かたちじゃわ。そなたが、あの品々しなじなを身みに着つけるうえは、われらほどの肝魂きもたまを持もたいではかなわぬことぞ」と言いいながら、新兵衛しんべえはまた高たからかに笑わらった。"But let me tell you this: that surcoat and helmet are, so to speak, the very form of Nakamura Shinbē. If you are to wear those things, you'll not manage it without a heart and nerve as stout as mine," said Shinbē, and again he laughed loudly.

そのあくる日ひ、摂津せっつ平野へいやの一角いっかくで、松山まつやま勢ぜいは、大和やまとの筒井つつい順慶じゅんけいの兵へいと鎬しのぎをけずった。On the following day, on one corner of the plain of Settsu, the Matsuyama army fought fiercely against the troops of Tsutsui Junkei of Yamato.

戦たたかいが始はじまる前まえいつものように猩々しょうじょう緋ひの武者むしゃが唐とう冠かんの兜かぶとを朝日あさひに輝かがやかしながら、敵勢てきせいを尻目しりめにかけて、大おおきく輪乗わのりをしたかと思おもうと、駒こまの頭あたまを立たてなおして、一気いっきに敵陣てきじんに乗のり入いった。Before the fighting began, as always, the warrior in scarlet, his Chinese helmet gleaming in the morning sun, rode a wide circle in full view of the enemy as if scorning them, then turned his horse's head and charged straight into the enemy lines.

吹ふき分わけられるように、敵陣てきじんの一角いっかくが乱みだれたところを、猩々しょうじょう緋ひの武者むしゃは鎗やりをつけたかと思おもうと、早はやくも三さん、四よ人にんの端武者はむしゃを、突つき伏ふせて、またゆうゆうと味方みかたの陣じんへ引ひき返かえした。As a corner of the enemy lines fell into disorder as though blown apart, the warrior in scarlet brought his spear to bear, and in no time had struck down three or four lowly soldiers, then calmly rode back to his own lines.

その日ひに限かぎって、黒皮くろかわ縅おどしの冑よろいを着きて、南蛮なんばん鉄てつの兜かぶとをかぶっていた中村なかむら新兵衛しんべえは、会心かいしんの微笑びしょうを含ふくみながら、猩々しょうじょう緋ひの武者むしゃのはなばなしい武者むしゃぶりをながめていた。On that day alone, Nakamura Shinbē wore armour laced with black leather and a helmet of foreign iron, and with a smile of deep satisfaction he watched the splendid fighting of the warrior in scarlet.

そして自分じぶんの形かたちだけすらこれほどの力ちからをもっているということに、かなり大おおきい誇ほこりを感かんじていた。And he felt no small pride that even his mere outward form had such power.

彼かれは二に番ばん鎗やりは、自分じぶんが合あわそうと思おもったので、駒こまを乗のり出だすと、一いち文字もんじに敵陣てきじんに殺到さっとうした。Since he meant to strike the second spear himself, he spurred his horse forward and charged straight into the enemy lines.

猩々しょうじょう緋ひの武者むしゃの前まえには、戦たたかわずして浮うき足あし立だった敵陣てきじんが、中村なかむら新兵衛しんべえの前まえには、ビクともしなかった。The enemy lines, which had wavered without even fighting before the warrior in scarlet, did not budge at all before Nakamura Shinbē.

そのうえに彼かれらは猩々しょうじょう緋ひの『鎗中やりなか村むら』に突つきみだされたうらみを、この黒皮くろかわ縅おどしの武者むしゃの上うえに復讐ふくしゅうせんとして、たけり立たっていた。Moreover, they were raging, bent on taking out on this warrior in black-laced armour their resentment at having been thrown into disarray by the scarlet 'Yari Nakamura'.

新兵衛しんべえは、いつもとは、勝手かってが違ちがっていることに気きがついた。Shinbē noticed that things were not as they usually were.

いつもは虎とらに向むかっている羊ひつじのような怖気おじけが、敵てきにあった。Usually the enemy had the fear of sheep facing a tiger.

彼かれらは狼狽うろたえ血迷ちまようところを突つき伏ふせるのに、なんの雑作ぞうさもなかった。It had been no trouble at all to strike them down as they panicked and lost their heads.

今日きょうは、彼かれらは戦たたかいをする時ときのように、勇いさみ立たっていた。Today they were full of fighting spirit, as men are when they truly do battle.

どの雑兵ぞうひょうもどの雑兵ぞうひょうも十二分じゅうにぶんの力ちからを新兵衛しんべえに対たいし発揮はっきした。Every foot soldier, every single one, turned his full strength and more against Shinbē.

二に、三さん人にん突つき伏ふせることさえ容易よういではなかった。Even striking down two or three of them was no easy matter.

敵てきの鎗やりの鋒先ほこさきが、ともすれば身みをかすった。Again and again the points of the enemy spears grazed his body.

新兵衛しんべえは必死ひっしの力ちからを振ふるった。Shinbē fought with desperate strength.

平素へいその二に倍ばいもの力ちからさえ振ふるった。He fought with even twice his usual strength.

が、彼かれはともすれば突つき負まけそうになった。But again and again he was on the point of being outmatched.

手軽てがるに兜かぶとや猩々しょうじょう緋ひを借かしたことを、後悔こうかいするような感かんじが頭あたまの中なかをかすめたときであった。It was just as a feeling of regret at having so lightly lent his helmet and scarlet surcoat flashed through his mind.

敵てきの突つき出だした鎗やりが、縅おどしの裏うらをかいて彼かれの脾腹ひばらを貫つらぬいていた。An enemy spear, thrust out, had pierced right through the lacing of his armour and run him through the flank.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
侍大将さむらいだいしょうsamurai commander; leader of a lord's warriorsHistorical military rank in the warring period.—
功名こうみょうdistinguished deeds; glory won in battleCompare 功名心 (longing for glory).—
猩々緋しょうじょうひvivid scarlet (cloth)A deep red woollen cloth, imported and prized by warriors.—
兜かぶとhelmet (of armour)—
雑兵ぞうひょうcommon foot soldierLow-ranking soldiers, as opposed to mounted warriors.—
脅威きょういthreat; menace—
殺到さっとうするto rush at; to charge indictionary form: 殺到するIn modern Japanese also 'to flood in' (orders, people).—
初陣ういじんone's first battle初 is read うい here, as in 初々しい.—
手柄てがらgreat deed; achievement—
形かたちoutward form; appearanceThe story's title: what the enemy fears is the form, not the man.N4
鎬しのぎをけずるto fight fiercelydictionary form: 鎬を削る鎬 is the ridge of a blade; the idiom is still used for fierce competition.—
浮き足立ったうきあしだつto waver; to be ready to fleedictionary form: 浮き足立つ—
怖気おじけfear; timidityCommon in 怖気づく (to lose one's nerve).—
後悔こうかいするto regretdictionary form: 後悔する—

Grammar

〜ぬ N2 classical negative (= 〜ない)

ぬ attaches to the negative stem of a verb and works like ない. It appears in literary narration and old-style speech, as in 知らぬ and いらぬ.

『鎗中村』を知らぬ者は、おそらく一人もなかっただろう

there was probably not a single man who did not know of 'Yari Nakamura'

どれほど〜かわからない N2 no telling how much; immeasurably

An embedded question with どれほど followed by わからない stresses that the degree was too great to measure. The narration uses it twice to praise the scarlet figure.

どれほど味方にとってたのもしいものであったかわからなかった

there was no telling how reassuring it was to his comrades

〜たかと思うと N2 no sooner had … than

Joins two actions that follow each other very quickly. Here the rider finishes his circle and immediately charges.

大きく輪乗りをしたかと思うと、駒の頭を立てなおして、一気に敵陣に乗り入った

no sooner had he ridden a wide circle than he turned his horse's head and charged straight into the enemy lines

〜ずして N1 without doing

A literary form of 〜ないで. 戦わずして means the enemy wavered without even fighting.

戦わずして浮き足立った敵陣

the enemy lines that wavered without even fighting

〜んとする N1 to try to; to be about to

ん is a classical volitional ending on the negative stem (せん from する), and とする expresses the intention. It equals 〜ようとする.

この黒皮縅の武者の上に復讐せんとして、たけり立っていた

they were raging, eager to take revenge on this warrior in black-laced armour

〜ほどに N1 because; since (archaic)

In old speech ほどに after a clause gives a reason, like から or ので. The young lord explains why he wants to win glory.

明日はわれらの初陣じゃほどに、なんぞはなばなしい手柄をしてみたい

Tomorrow is my first battle, and so I wish to do some glorious deed