Simplified retelling · JLPT N3
さるのこしかけ Sarunokoshikake in easy Japanese (N3)
This is our own simplified retelling of Three Little Seats on the Chestnut Tree, written for N3 learners and checked word by word against the N3 vocabulary list. A few story words and grammar patterns go beyond N3; the notes below give each one's level. It keeps the characters, events and ending of the original. When it feels easy, move on to the original text.
The story in brief
Narao sees three bracket fungi on the chestnut tree behind his house, and three tiny monkeys led by a pompous general appear on them. After an argument, the general politely leads him up a tunnel inside the tree to a sunny meadow at Taneyamagahara, where the monkey troop ties him up and tosses him into the air, then lets him fall. A Mountain Man catches him, and Narao finds himself back in front of his house at night, with his mother calling him in to supper.
AI translation · independently checked
ある日の夕方、ならおは家のうらにある大きなくりの木の下へ行きました。One evening, Narao went to the big chestnut tree behind his house.
木には、ちょうどならおの目の所に、白いきのこが三つ付いていました。On the tree, right at the height of Narao's eyes, three white mushrooms were growing.
まん中のきのこは大きく、両側の二つは小さくて、少しひくい所にありました。The one in the middle was big, and the two on either side were small and sat a little lower down.
ならおはきのこをじっと見て、一人で言いました。Narao stared hard at the mushrooms and said to himself:
「これがさるのこしかけだな。こんな所に座るなら、とても小さなさるだろう。まん中に座るのはたいしょうで、両側はへいたいに違いない。どんな様子をしているか、一度見てみたいな。」"So this is a monkey's seat. Any monkey that sits up here must be really tiny. The one sitting in the middle has to be the general, and the ones on each side must be soldiers. I'd like to see just once what they look like."
すると、きのこの上に、急に三びきの小さなさるが出て来て、座りました。Then, all of a sudden, three little monkeys appeared on top of the mushrooms and sat down.
まん中のさるは、たいしょうの服を着ていました。The monkey in the middle was dressed in a general's uniform.
たいしょうはノートを出して、言いました。The general took out a notebook and said:
「おまえがならおか。年はいくつだ。」"You're Narao, are you? How old are you?"
ならおはおかしいと思いました。Narao thought this was ridiculous.
こんなに小さいのに、人間を悪い人のように扱うのです。Even though he was so small, he was treating a human being as if he were a bad person!
「なんだ、小ざる。もっとていねいに話さないと、返事はしないぞ。」"Hey, what's this, you little monkey? If you don't talk more politely, I'm not answering you!"
すると、たいしょうは急いでノートをしまって言いました。At that, the general hurriedly put his notebook away and said:
「強い子供だな。おれはもう六十歳で、たいしょうなんだぞ。」"Tough kid, aren't you? I'll have you know I'm sixty years old, and a general!"
ならおは怒りました。Narao got angry.
「六十歳でそんなに小さいなら、もうだめだよ。こしかけごと、下へ投げるぞ。」"If you're sixty and still that small, you're no good anymore. I'll throw you down, seat and all!"
さるは少し笑ったようでした。The monkey seemed to smile a little.
それから急にていねいになって言いました。Then all at once he became very polite and said:
「ならおさん、怒らないでください。いい所へお連れしたいと思って、お年を聞いたのです。いらっしゃいませんか。いやになったら、すぐにお帰りになればいいでしょう。」"Master Narao, please don't be angry. I only asked your age because I wished to escort you to a lovely place. Would you not care to come? Should you tire of it, you may simply return home at once."
ほかの二ひきも、ならおをあんないしたい様子を見せました。The other two also looked eager to show Narao the way.
ならおは少し行ってみたくなりました。Narao began to feel he'd like to go and see.
「うん、行ってもいい。でも、言葉に気をつけろよ。」"All right, I'll come. But watch your language, you hear?"
見ると、三つのきのこの上に、小さな入口ができていました。When he looked, he saw that a small doorway had opened above each of the three mushrooms.
木の下にも、ならおが入れるぐらいの入口がありました。At the bottom of the tree, too, there was an opening just big enough for Narao to get through.
「今、電気をつけます。どうぞそこからお入りください。」"I shall turn on the lights now. Please, do come in that way."
さるたちが中に入ると、木の中に電気がつきました。When the monkeys went inside, electric lights came on inside the tree.
ならおも急いで入りました。Narao hurried in after them.
木の中は、長い長いトンネルのようでした。Inside, the tree was like a long, long tunnel.
小さな電気がいくつもならんで、小さなはしごが、どこまでも上へ続いていました。Lots of little electric lights stood in a row, and a little ladder went up and up without end.
「さあ、こちらへどうぞ。」さるたちはどんどん登って行きます。"Now then, this way, please." The monkeys climbed on and on.
ならおもがんばって登りましたが、さるには勝てません。Narao climbed as hard as he could too, but he was no match for the monkeys.
「ここはもう木の一番上だろう。」とならおは疲れて言いました。"This must be the very top of the tree by now," said Narao, tired out.
さるたちは大きな声で笑いました。The monkeys laughed loudly.
上を見ると、電気の列が、ほそい赤いせんのように、ずっと続いていました。When he looked up, the line of lights went on and on, like a thin red thread.
「ここにしるしを付けよう。帰る時、道が分からないと困るから。」"I'll leave a mark here. If I can't find the way when I go back, I'll be in trouble."
とならおが言うと、さるたちはまた笑いました。When Narao said this, the monkeys laughed again.
「帰りたい時は、いつでもお送りします。心配はいりません。さあ、ここは走って通らなければなりません。一、二の三。」"Whenever you wish to go home, we shall see you back. There is no need to worry. Now, we must run through this part. One, two, three!"
さるたちは走り出しました。The monkeys broke into a run.
ならおも力いっぱい走りました。Narao ran with all his might too.
電気が次々に下へ消えて行きます。One after another, the lights dropped away below them.
息が苦しくて、もう走っているのかどうかも分かりません。He was so out of breath that he could no longer even tell whether he was running.
突然、目の前が白く光って、ならおは日の光がいっぱいの所へ飛び出しました。Suddenly everything in front of him flashed white, and Narao burst out into a place full of sunlight.
そして、草に足をとられて倒れました。Then his feet caught in the grass and he fell over.
そこは、はやしの中の小さな原でした。It was a small meadow in the middle of a wood.
「ああ、大変でした。もうだいじょうぶです。」とたいしょうが言いました。"Well, that was hard going. We're quite safe now," said the general.
ならおは立って言いました。Narao stood up and said:
「ここはどこだい。今ごろお日さまが空のまん中にあるなんて、おかしいじゃないか。」"Where are we? The sun's right in the middle of the sky at this time of day? That's weird, isn't it?"
「ここは種山ヶ原です。」"This is Taneyamagahara."
ならおはびっくりしました。Narao was astonished.
「とても遠い所へ来たな。家に帰れるかい。」"I've come a really long way. Can I get home?"
「帰れますとも。帰りは下りですから、かんたんです。」"Why, of course you can. The way back is all downhill, so it's easy."
まわりを見ると、トンネルの出口はもうありません。When he looked around, the tunnel's exit was gone.
その代わり、木や草の後ろから、たくさんのさるがこちらを見ていました。Instead, lots of monkeys were watching him from behind the trees and grass.
たいしょうは小さなかたなを出して、大きな声で言いました。The general drew a little sword and called out loudly:
「みんな、来い!」"Everyone, come here!"
さるたちはあちこちから出て来て、四つの長い列を作りました。Monkeys came out from all over and formed four long lines.
たいしょうの言葉に合わせて、みんな上手に動きます。They all moved neatly in time with the general's commands.
「これかられんしゅうをします。」とたいしょうが言いました。"We will now hold a drill," said the general.
ならおはおもしろくなって、「よろしい。始め!」と言いました。Narao was starting to enjoy himself, and said, "Very well. Begin!"
たいしょうはみんなに言いました。The general addressed them all.
「今日はお客さんがいるから、特に注意しろ。間違えた者は、後でしかるぞ。」"We have a guest today, so pay special attention. Anyone who makes a mistake gets a scolding from me afterward!"
そして、たいしょうは急に「行け!」と言いました。Then, all of a sudden, the general barked, "Go!"
すると、さるたちはみんな、ならおの方へ走って来ました。At that, all the monkeys came running toward Narao.
そして、小さななわで、ならおの体中をむすんでしまいました。And with little ropes they tied him up all over.
ならおは打とうと思いましたが、あまり小さいので、がまんしました。Narao thought about hitting them, but they were so small that he held back.
さるたちは手をとり合って笑いました。The monkeys took each other's hands and laughed.
たいしょうも、おなかをかかえて笑いながら、「どうあげ、用意!」と言いました。The general, too, laughing and holding his belly, called, "Ready to toss him!"
さるたちは、さるの上にさるが乗って、高い木のようなものをいくつも作りました。The monkeys climbed on top of one another and made several things like tall trees.
そして、ならおを上へ持ち上げました。Then they lifted Narao up high.
「どうあげ、始め!」"Begin the toss!"
「それ!それ!それ!」"Heave! Heave! Heave!"
ならおの体は、はやしより高く投げられました。Narao was thrown higher than the trees of the wood.
耳のそばで風が鳴り、下のさるたちがとても小さく見えます。The wind whistled past his ears, and the monkeys below looked very small.
遠くで川が光りました。Far away, the river glittered.
「放せ!」"Let go!"
たいしょうが言うと、さるたちはみんな走って行って、はやしのそばにならびました。When the general said this, the monkeys all ran off and lined up at the edge of the wood.
ならおが下へ来るのを見ようとしているのです。They meant to watch Narao come down.
ならおは、もうだめだと思って、遠くの川をもう一度見ました。Narao thought it was all over for him, and looked once more at the distant river.
そのあたりに、ならおの家があるのです。That was where Narao's house was.
そして、ならおの体は下へ向かいはじめました。And then Narao began to fall.
その時、下から「危ない!何をする!」という大きな声がしました。Just then, a loud voice called from below: "Look out! What are you doing?"
見ると、茶色の長い髪の、大きな赤い頭の男が、手をのばしていました。When he looked, he saw a man with a big red head and long brown hair reaching out his hands.
「ああ、山男だ。よかった。」とならおは思いました。"Oh, it's the Mountain Man. Thank goodness," thought Narao.
山男はならおを手でつかまえて、草の上に置きました。The Mountain Man caught Narao in his hands and set him down on the grass.
そこは、ならおの家の前でした。It was right in front of Narao's house.
くりの木には、三つのさるのこしかけが付いていました。On the chestnut tree were three monkey's seats.
もうだれもいません。There was no one there anymore.
もう夜でした。It was already night.
「ならお、ご飯ですよ。ならお。」"Narao, supper's ready! Narao!"
家の中で、お母さんが呼んでいました。Inside the house, his mother was calling.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning | JLPT |
|---|---|---|
| さるのこしかけさるのこしかけ | bracket fungus (lit. 'monkey's seat')dictionary form: 猿の腰掛けA shelf-like fungus that grows out of tree trunks. 腰掛け means a seat or stool, which explains the name and the whole story. | — |
| 両側りょうがわ | both sides両 'both' + 側 'side'. Compare 片側 (かたがわ) 'one side'. | N2 |
| 扱うあつかう | to treat (someone in a certain way); to handleOften used as 〜のように扱う 'to treat like ~'. | N3 |
| ていねいにていねい | politely; carefullydictionary form: 丁寧A な-adjective. It describes both polite speech and careful work. | N4 |
| しまってしまう | to put awaydictionary form: しまうUsed here as a main verb, not the auxiliary 〜てしまう. | N3 |
| 投げるなげる | to throw | N4 |
| あんないあんない | guiding; showing the waydictionary form: 案内案内する 'to show someone around'. | N4 |
| しるししるし | mark; signdictionary form: 印しるしを付ける 'to put a mark'. | N3 |
| 息いき | breath息が苦しい 'to have trouble breathing; to be out of breath'. | N3 |
| 倒れましたたおれる | to fall overdictionary form: 倒れる足をとられる 'to have one's feet caught' (by grass, mud and so on). | N4 |
| かたなかたな | sworddictionary form: 刀 | N3 |
| がまんがまん | holding back; putting up with somethingdictionary form: 我慢がまんする 'to endure; to restrain oneself'. | N3 |
| どうあげどうあげ | tossing someone up into the airdictionary form: 胴上げA group custom of throwing a person into the air to celebrate, for example a winning team's coach. Here the monkeys use it as a prank. | — |
| 山男やまおとこ | Mountain Man (a giant wild man of the mountains in folklore)A figure from Tōhoku folk tales who appears often in Kenji's stories. In modern Japanese it can also simply mean 'mountaineer'. | — |
Grammar
〜に違いない N3 must be ~; there is no doubt that ~
This expresses a strong conclusion the speaker feels sure of. Narao reasons from the seats' sizes that the side monkeys must be soldiers.
両側はへいたいに違いない
the ones on each side must be soldiers
お〜する / お〜になる N4 humble / honorific verb forms
お + verb stem + する lowers the speaker's own action (お連れする 'I escort you'). お + stem + になる raises the listener's action (お帰りになる 'you return'). The general's sudden switch to these forms gives his speech its over-polite tone.
いい所へお連れしたいと思って、お年を聞いたのです
I only asked your age because I wished to escort you to a lovely place
〜なんて N3 the idea that ~ (expressing surprise or disbelief)
なんて attaches to a clause and presents it as something surprising or absurd. A judgment such as おかしい usually follows.
今ごろお日さまが空のまん中にあるなんて、おかしいじゃないか
The sun's right in the middle of the sky at this time of day? That's weird, isn't it?
〜とも N1 of course ~; certainly ~
Adding とも to the end of a sentence gives a strong, reassuring 'of course'. It sounds rather formal and old-fashioned here.
帰れますとも
Why, of course you can
〜てしまう N4 to do something completely (often with an unwelcome result)
This shows the action is finished, and here it also carries the sense of something unfortunate happening to Narao.
小さななわで、ならおの体中をむすんでしまいました
with little ropes they tied him up all over
〜ようとする N3 to try to ~; to be about to ~
The volitional form + とする shows an intention or attempt. Here, with ている and のです, it explains what the monkeys meant to do.
ならおが下へ来るのを見ようとしているのです
They meant to watch Narao come down