Simplified retelling · JLPT N4
さるのこしかけ Sarunokoshikake in easy Japanese (N4)
This is our own simplified retelling of Three Little Seats on the Chestnut Tree, written for N4 learners and checked word by word against the N4 vocabulary list. A few story words and grammar patterns go beyond N4; the notes below give each one's level. It keeps the characters, events and ending of the original. When it feels easy, move on to the N3 version or the original text.
The story in brief
One evening Narao finds three white mushrooms on the chestnut tree and imagines the tiny monkeys who might sit on them. Three monkeys appear, and their pompous general leads Narao up through a staircase inside the tree to a sunny grassland at Taneyamagahara. There the monkeys tie him up and toss him into the sky, but a mountain man catches him and sets him down in front of his own house, where night has fallen and his mother is calling him to dinner.
AI translation · independently checked
ある日の夕方、ならおは家のうしろの大きなくりの木の下へ行きました。One evening, Narao went to the big chestnut tree behind his house.
木に白いきのこが三つありました。On the tree there were three white mushrooms.
真ん中のきのこは大きくて、ほかの二つは小さかったです。The mushroom in the middle was big, and the other two were small.
「これがさるのこしかけだな。」とならおは思いました。"So these are monkey's seats," thought Narao.
「ここにすわるさるは、とても小さいだろう。真ん中はたいしょうで、ほかの二つはへいたいだ。どんなかおか、見たいなあ。」"The monkeys who sit here must be really tiny. The one in the middle is the general, and the other two are soldiers. I'd love to see what their faces look like!"
すると、きのこの上に小さなさるが三びき出てきて、すわりました。Just then, three little monkeys came out and sat down on top of the mushrooms.
真ん中のさるは、たいしょうの服を着ていました。The monkey in the middle was wearing a general's uniform.
たいしょうは小さなノートを出して、聞きました。The general took out a little notebook and asked a question.
「おまえがならおか。何さいだ。」"You're Narao, are you? How old are you?"
ならおはおもしろくありませんでした。Narao did not like that one bit.
「もっとていねいに話さないと、へんじはしないよ。」"If you don't talk more politely, I'm not going to answer, you know!"
さるは少しわらったようでした。The monkey seemed to give a little laugh.
「強い子どもだな。私はもう六十さいだぞ。」"What a tough kid! I'll have you know I'm already sixty years old!"
ならおはおこりました。Narao got angry.
「六十さいで、そんなに小さいのか。下におとすぞ。」"You're sixty and you're still that small? I'll knock you down off there!"
すると、たいしょうは足をそろえて、ていねいにあいさつしました。At that, the general snapped his heels together and greeted him very politely.
「ならおさん、おこらないでください。いい所へおつれしたいのです。いやになったら、すぐに帰ってもいいですよ。」"Mr. Narao, please do not be angry. I should very much like to escort you to a lovely place. Should you grow tired of it, you may go home at once, sir."
ならおは少し行ってみたくなりました。Narao began to feel a little like going to have a look.
「うん、行ってもいいよ。」"All right, I'll go."
木の下に、大きな入口がありました。At the foot of the tree there was a big entrance.
さるたちが中に入ると、電気がつきました。When the monkeys went inside, the electric lights came on.
ならおも中に入りました。Narao went inside too.
木の中には、小さなかいだんが上へ上へとつづいていました。Inside the tree, a little staircase went on and on, up and up.
さるたちはどんどんのぼっていきます。The monkeys kept climbing higher and higher.
ならおはつかれて、聞きました。Narao got tired and asked,
「ここはもう木の上だろう。」"We must be at the top of the tree by now, right?"
さるたちはわらいました。The monkeys laughed.
上を見ると、電気がほそい赤いせんのように、遠くまでならんでいました。When he looked up, he saw the lights lined up far into the distance, like a thin red thread.
「さあ、ここからは走ってください。一、二の三。」さるたちは走り出しました。"Now, from here on, please run. One, two, three!" The monkeys started running.
ならおも力いっぱい走りました。Narao ran as hard as he could, too.
すると、前が白く光りました。Then everything ahead of him flashed white.
ならおは昼の広いくさの上に出て、たおれました。Narao came out onto a wide, grassy field in the middle of the day, and fell down.
「ここはどこだい。夕方だったのに、どうして昼なんだ。」"Where are we? It was evening, so how come it's daytime?"
「ここはたねやまがはらです。」"This is Taneyamagahara, sir."
ならおはびっくりしました。Narao was astonished.
「とても遠い所だ。家に帰れるかい。」"That's really far away! Can I get back home?"
「帰れますよ。」"Of course you can."
うしろを見ると、入口はもうありません。When he looked behind him, the entrance was already gone.
木やくさのうしろから、たくさんのさるがこちらを見ていました。From behind the trees and the grass, lots of monkeys were watching him.
たいしょうは「みんな、来い。」と大きなこえで呼びました。"Everyone, here!" the general shouted in a loud voice.
さるたちは出てきて、四つにわかれてならびました。The monkeys came out and lined up in four groups.
「今かられんしゅうをします。」ならおはおもしろくなって、見ていました。"We will now begin drill." Narao thought this was fun and watched.
「はじめ。」たいしょうが呼ぶと、さるたちはみんなならおの方へ走ってきました。"Begin!" When the general shouted, all the monkeys came running toward Narao.
そして小さなひもで、ならおの体をしばりました。And they tied Narao's body up with little strings.
ならおはおこりましたが、さるがとても小さいので、何もしませんでした。Narao was angry, but the monkeys were so small that he didn't do anything.
さるたちは、ならおを上へ高くなげはじめました。The monkeys began to throw Narao high up into the air.
ならおの体は、木よりも高くなりました。Narao's body went higher than the trees.
風がみみのそばでなりました。The wind roared past his ears.
下のさるたちは、とても小さく見えました。The monkeys down below looked very, very small.
遠くで、川が光りました。Far away, a river glittered.
その近くに、ならおの家があります。Narao's house stood near it.
「おとせ。」とたいしょうが呼びました。"Drop him!" shouted the general.
さるたちはみんな遠くへにげて、見ていました。All the monkeys ran far away and watched.
ならおは下へおちはじめました。Narao began to fall.
すると、下で「あぶない。何をする。」と大きなこえがしました。Then a loud voice below cried, "Look out! What do you think you're doing?"
茶色のかみの、大きな赤いかおの男が、手を出していました。A man with brown hair and a big red face was holding out his hands.
「山男だ。よかった。」とならおは思いました。"It's the mountain man! I'm saved!" thought Narao.
山男はならおを手でうけて、くさの上に立たせました。The mountain man caught Narao in his hands and stood him up on the grass.
そこは、ならおの家の前でした。It was right in front of Narao's house.
くりの木には、三つのさるのこしかけがありました。On the chestnut tree there were three monkey's seats.
でも、だれもいません。But nobody was there.
もう夜でした。It was already night.
「ならお、ご飯ですよ。」と家の中で、お母さんが呼んでいました。"Narao, dinner's ready!" his mother was calling from inside the house.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning | JLPT |
|---|---|---|
| こしかけこしかけ | seat, stooldictionary form: 腰掛けさるのこしかけ ("monkey's seat") is the everyday Japanese name for bracket fungus, the shelf-like mushrooms that grow out of tree trunks. | N2 |
| たいしょうたいしょう | general; commanderdictionary form: 大将A high army rank; also used playfully for a boss or leader. | — |
| へいたいへいたい | soldier(s)dictionary form: 兵隊 | N2 |
| ていねいていねい | polite, courteousdictionary form: 丁寧な-adjective; ていねいに = politely. Also means careful, as in careful work. | N4 |
| へんじへんじ | answer, replydictionary form: 返事Used with する: へんじをする = to answer. | N4 |
| そろえてそろえる | to put together neatly, to line updictionary form: 揃える足をそろえる = to bring your feet together, like a soldier standing to attention. | N2 |
| おつれしたいつれる | to take (someone) alongdictionary form: 連れるお+連れ+する is the humble form: "to escort you". | N4 |
| かいだんかいだん | stairs, staircasedictionary form: 階段 | N5 |
| つづいてつづく | to continue, to go ondictionary form: 続く | N4 |
| たおれましたたおれる | to fall down, to collapsedictionary form: 倒れる | N4 |
| しばりましたしばる | to tie up, to binddictionary form: 縛る | N2 |
| なげなげる | to throw, to tossdictionary form: 投げる | N4 |
| 山男やまおとこ | mountain manIn Japanese folklore, a huge wild man who lives deep in the mountains; he appears often in Miyazawa Kenji's stories, usually red-faced and good-natured. | — |
| うけてうける | to catch, to receivedictionary form: 受ける | N4 |
Grammar
〜ないと N4 if (you) don't ~
The negative form plus と sets a condition, and the second clause says what will happen if it is not met. Narao uses it as a cheeky threat.
もっとていねいに話さないと、へんじはしないよ。
If you don't talk more politely, I'm not going to answer, you know!
〜ようだ N4 seems to ~, appears that ~
Attached to a plain verb, ようだ shows a guess based on what the speaker sees. The narrator can't be sure the monkey really laughed, only that it looked that way.
さるは少しわらったようでした。
The monkey seemed to give a little laugh.
お〜する (humble form) N4 humbly do ~ (for someone)
お + verb stem + する lowers the speaker's own action to show respect to the listener. The general uses this over-polite form to flatter Narao after being threatened.
いい所へおつれしたいのです。
I should very much like to escort you to a lovely place.
〜てみたくなる N4 to start wanting to try ~
〜てみる means "try doing", 〜たい adds "want to", and 〜くなる shows a change. Together they show Narao's feelings shifting: he begins to want to go and see.
ならおは少し行ってみたくなりました。
Narao began to feel a little like going to have a look.
〜のに N4 even though ~, although ~
のに joins two facts that clash, often with surprise or complaint. Here it was evening, yet now it is daytime.
夕方だったのに、どうして昼なんだ。
It was evening a minute ago, so how come it's daytime?
〜はじめる N4 to begin ~ing
Attached to the verb stem, はじめる marks the start of an action.
さるたちは、ならおを上へ高くなげはじめました。
The monkeys began to throw Narao high up into the air.