Cover of 蜘蛛の糸 (Kumo no Ito)

Part 1 of 3 · JLPT N1

蜘蛛の糸(一) Kumo no Ito, part 1: The Buddha at the Lotus Pond

by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke · 803 characters · from A Thread of Spider Silk

In this part

One morning in Paradise, the Buddha strolls beside the lotus pond and looks down through the clear water into Hell. There he sees Kandata, a robber and murderer, and remembers the one good deed Kandata once did: he spared a small spider instead of crushing it. To reward him, the Buddha lowers a silver spider's thread from Paradise down to the bottom of Hell.

AI translation · independently checked

ある日ひの事ことでございます。It happened one day.

御釈迦様おしゃかさまは極楽ごくらくの蓮池はすいけのふちを、独ひとりでぶらぶら御お歩あるきになっていらっしゃいました。The Buddha was strolling alone, at his leisure, along the edge of the lotus pond in Paradise.

池いけの中なかに咲さいている蓮はすの花はなは、みんな玉たまのようにまっ白しろで、そのまん中なかにある金色きんいろの蕊ずいからは、何なんとも云いえない好よい匂においが、絶間たえまなくあたりへ溢あふれて居おります。The lotus flowers blooming in the pond were all as white as pearls, and from the golden stamens at their very centres a fragrance sweeter than words can tell flowed out endlessly all around.

極楽ごくらくは丁度ちょうど朝あさなのでございましょう。In Paradise, it must be morning just now.

やがて御釈迦おしゃか様さまはその池いけのふちに御佇おたたずみになって、水みずの面おもてを蔽おおっている蓮はすの葉はの間あいだから、ふと下したの容子ようすを御覧ごらんになりました。Presently the Buddha came to a stop at the edge of the pond and, through a gap in the lotus leaves that covered the surface of the water, happened to glance at what lay below.

この極楽ごくらくの蓮池はすいけの下したは、丁度ちょうど地獄じごくの底そこに当あたって居おりますから、水晶すいしょうのような水みずを透すき徹とおして、三途さんずの河かわや針はりの山やまの景色けしきが、丁度ちょうど覗のぞき眼鏡めがねを見みるように、はっきりと見みえるのでございます。Directly beneath this lotus pond of Paradise lies the very bottom of Hell, so through the crystal-clear water the Sanzu River and the Mountain of Needles can be seen quite distinctly, just as if one were peering into a peep-show.

するとその地獄じごくの底そこに、犍陀多かんだたと云いう男おとこが一人ひとり、ほかの罪人ざいにんと一いっしょに蠢うごめいている姿すがたが、御お眼めに止とまりました。Then, at the bottom of that Hell, his eye fell upon a man named Kandata, writhing along with the other sinners.

この犍陀かんだ多たと云いう男おとこは、人ひとを殺ころしたり家いえに火ひをつけたり、いろいろ悪事あくじを働はたらいた大だい泥坊どろぼうでございますが、それでもたった一ひとつ、善よい事ことを致いたした覚おぼえがございます。This man Kandata was a great robber who had done all manner of wicked deeds, killing people and setting houses on fire, and yet there was just one good deed that he could remember having done.

と申もうしますのは、ある時ときこの男おとこが深ふかい林はやしの中なかを通とおりますと、小ちいさな蜘蛛くもが一匹いっぴき、路みちばたを這はって行いくのが見みえました。It was this: once, as he was passing through a deep forest, he saw a tiny spider crawling along the side of the path.

そこで犍陀かんだ多たは早速さっそく足あしを挙あげて、踏ふみ殺ころそうと致いたしましたが、「いや、いや、これも小ちいさいながら、命いのちのあるものに違ちがいない。その命いのちを無暗むやみにとると云いう事ことは、いくら何なんでも可哀かわいそうだ。」と、こう急きゅうに思おもい返かえして、とうとうその蜘蛛くもを殺ころさずに助たすけてやったからでございます。Kandata at once raised his foot to stamp it to death, but then he suddenly thought better of it: "No, no. Tiny as it is, it's a living thing all the same. Snuffing out its life for nothing — that's too cruel, whatever you say." And so, in the end, instead of killing the spider, he let it live.

御釈迦おしゃか様さまは地獄じごくの容子ようすを御覧ごらんになりながら、この犍陀多かんだたには蜘蛛くもを助たすけた事ことがあるのを御お思おもい出だしになりました。As he looked upon the scene in Hell, the Buddha remembered that this Kandata had once saved a spider.

そうしてそれだけの善よい事ことをした報むくいには、出来できるなら、この男おとこを地獄じごくから救すくい出だしてやろうと御お考かんがえになりました。And he thought that, as a reward for having done even that much good, he would rescue this man from Hell if it could be done.

幸さいわい、側そばを見みますと、翡翠ひすいのような色いろをした蓮はすの葉はの上うえに、極楽ごくらくの蜘蛛くもが一匹いっぴき、美うつくしい銀色ぎんいろの糸いとをかけて居おります。Fortunately, when he looked beside him, a spider of Paradise was spinning a beautiful silver thread upon a lotus leaf the colour of jade.

御釈迦おしゃか様さまはその蜘蛛くもの糸いとをそっと御お手てに御お取とりになって、玉たまのような白蓮しらはすの間あいだから、遥はるか下したにある地獄じごくの底そこへ、まっすぐにそれを御お下おろしなさいました。The Buddha gently took the spider's thread in his hand and, from between the pearl-white lotuses, lowered it straight down toward the bottom of Hell, far, far below.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
ぶらぶらぶらぶら(walking) idly, leisurely, without a set purposeMimetic word, often used with 歩く.N1
絶間なくたえまないwithout a break, ceaselesslydictionary form: 絶え間ないUsually written 絶え間なく today; 間 is the gap or pause that never comes.—
佇みたたずむto stand still, to pause and standdictionary form: 佇むLiterary verb; here in the honorific 御〜になる form.—
容子ようすstate of things, appearance, scenedictionary form: 様子Older spelling of 様子.N3
地獄じごくHellKey story word, the opposite of 極楽 (Paradise).N1
蠢いているうごめくto writhe, to squirmdictionary form: 蠢くSuggests insect-like crawling movement; the kanji contains 虫 twice.—
罪人ざいにんsinner, criminal罪 = sin, crime.—
悪事あくじevil deed, crime悪事を働く = to commit wrongdoing.—
泥坊どろぼうthief, robberdictionary form: 泥棒Older spelling; today written 泥棒.N4
早速さっそくat once, immediatelyN2
無暗むやみrecklessly, without good reasondictionary form: 無闇Now usually written 無闇 or むやみ; 無暗に = thoughtlessly.—
報むくいreward, recompense (for a deed)dictionary form: 報いCan be a reward or a punishment. Both senses matter in this story.—
救い出してすくいだすto rescue (someone) out ofdictionary form: 救い出す救う (to save) + 出す (out).—
遥かはるかfar, far away遥か下 = far below.N1

Grammar

〜でございます N4 very polite form of です

The narrator uses でございます (and 居ります, 致す, 申す) throughout, which gives the tale a courteous, storyteller-like voice.

ある日の事でございます。

It happened one day.

御〜になる N4 honorific verb form

お + verb stem + になる raises the subject's status. Every action of the Buddha is described this way, for example 御歩きになる and 御考えになる.

御釈迦様は極楽の蓮池のふちを、独りでぶらぶら御歩きになっていらっしゃいました。

The Buddha was strolling alone, at his leisure, along the edge of the lotus pond in Paradise.

〜ながら (concessive) N2 although, even though

After an adjective or noun, ながら means 'although' rather than 'while'. Here it means 'small as it is'.

これも小さいながら、命のあるものに違いない。

Tiny as it is, it's a living thing all the same.

〜に違いない N3 must be, surely is

This pattern expresses strong conviction. Kandata is certain that even a spider is a living thing.

これも小さいながら、命のあるものに違いない。

Tiny as it is, it's a living thing all the same.

〜ずに N3 without doing

ず is a literary negative, and ずに means the same as 〜ないで. 殺さずに means 'without killing'.

とうとうその蜘蛛を殺さずに助けてやったからでございます。

And so, in the end, instead of killing the spider, he let it live.

〜(よ)うとする/致す N4 to try to, to be about to

The volitional form + とする shows an action that was attempted or about to happen. Here the humble 致す replaces する. Kandata was on the point of crushing the spider.

踏み殺そうと致しましたが

was about to stamp it to death, but