Cover of 杜子春 (Toshishun)N3 · easy

Simplified retelling · JLPT N3

杜子春 Toshishun in easy Japanese (N3)

Retold for N3 learners after the story by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke · 2,029 characters

This is our own simplified retelling of Toshishun and the Hermit of Mount Gabi, written for N3 learners and checked word by word against the N3 vocabulary list. A few story words and grammar patterns go beyond N3; the notes below give each one's level. It keeps the characters, events and ending of the original. When it feels easy, move on to the original text.

The story in brief

Toshishun, a poor young man, twice becomes rich with gold that a mysterious old man shows him how to find, and twice spends it all. He then asks to become a hermit-sage, and the old man, Tekkanshi, tests him on Mount Gabi, where he must not speak no matter what happens. In Hell he stays silent until he hears his mother's loving voice from the body of a beaten horse. He cries out to her, fails the test, and is glad he did. Tekkanshi then offers him a house and fields so he can live an honest, human life.

AI translation · independently checked

ある春はるの夕方ゆうがたです。It was an evening in spring.

ラクヨウという町まちの西にしのもんの下したに、一人ひとりの若わかい男おとこが立たっていました。Beneath the west gate of a city called Rakuyō, a young man was standing.

名前なまえはトシシュンです。His name was Toshishun.

昔むかしは金持かねもちの息子むすこでしたが、今いまはお金かねを全部ぜんぶ使つかってしまって、とても貧まずしくなっていました。Once he had been the son of a rich man, but now he had spent all his money and had become very poor.

「今夜こんやはとまる所ところもないし、おなかもすいた。こんな生活せいかつなら、死しんだほうがいいかもしれない」"Tonight I have nowhere to stay, and I'm hungry too. If life is going to be like this, perhaps I'd be better off dead."

トシシュンがそう考かんがえていると、一人ひとりの老人ろうじんが来きて、「何なにを考かんがえているのだ」と聞ききました。While Toshishun was thinking this, an old man came up and asked, "What are you thinking about?"

「今夜こんや寝ねる所ところがないので、困こまっているのです」"I have nowhere to sleep tonight, so I don't know what to do."

「そうか。では、いいことを教おしえてやろう。夕方ゆうがたの光ひかりの中なかに立たって、自分じぶんのかげを見みなさい。そのかげの頭あたまの所ところを、夜中よなかにほってみなさい。きっと金かねがたくさんあるはずだ」"I see. Well then, I'll tell you something good. Stand in the evening light and look at your shadow. At midnight, try digging where the head of that shadow falls. You're sure to find plenty of gold there."

トシシュンがおどろいて前まえを見みると、老人ろうじんはもういませんでした。When Toshishun looked in front of him in surprise, the old man was already gone.

夜中よなかにほってみると、本当ほんとうに金かねがたくさん出でてきました。When he dug at midnight, a great deal of gold really did come out of the ground.

トシシュンはすぐに町まちでいちばんの金持かねもちになりました。Toshishun at once became the richest man in the city.

りっぱな家いえを買かって、きれいな花はなを庭にわにうえて、毎日まいにちお酒さけを飲のんで遊あそびました。He bought a splendid house, planted beautiful flowers in the garden, and spent every day drinking and enjoying himself.

すると、前まえはあいさつもしなかった友達ともだちが、毎日まいにち家いえに来くるようになりました。Then friends who had never even greeted him before began to visit his house every day.

しかし、お金かねはだんだん無なくなって、三さん年ねん後ごには、また一いち円えんもなくなりました。But little by little his money ran out, and three years later he had not a single coin left again.

すると、友達ともだちはだれも来こなくなりました。Then not one of his friends came anymore.

水みずを一杯いっぱいくれる人ひともいません。There was no one who would give him so much as a cup of water.

トシシュンはまた西にしのもんの下したに立たっていました。Toshishun was standing beneath the west gate once more.

すると、あの老人ろうじんがまた来きて、同おなじことを言いいました。Then that same old man came again and said the same thing.

今度こんどはかげのむねの所ところをほると、また金かねがたくさん出でてきました。This time he dug where the chest of his shadow fell, and again a great deal of gold came out.

でも、トシシュンはまた三さん年ねんでお金かねを全部ぜんぶ使つかってしまいました。But once again Toshishun spent all the money in three years.

三さん回かい目めに老人ろうじんが来きた時とき、トシシュンは言いいました。When the old man came for the third time, Toshishun said:

「お金かねはもういりません。人ひとはみんな冷つめたいです。金持かねもちの時ときはやさしいですが、貧まずしくなると、あいさつもしません」"I don't want money anymore. People are all cold. When you are rich they are kind, but when you become poor they won't even greet you."

「そうか。おもしろいことを言いう男おとこだ」と、老人ろうじんは笑わらいました。"Is that so? You're a man who says interesting things," the old man laughed.

「あなたはせんにんでしょう。わたしもせんにんになりたいです。どうか教おしえてください」"You are a hermit-sage, aren't you? I want to become one too. Please, I beg you, teach me."

「そうだ。わたしはガビサンに住すむテッカンシというせんにんだ。では、いっしょに来きなさい」"That's right. I am a hermit-sage called Tekkanshi, and I live on Mount Gabi. Very well, come with me."

テッカンシは一本いっぽんのたけをひろって、トシシュンといっしょにそれに乗のりました。Tekkanshi picked up a stick of bamboo, and he and Toshishun climbed onto it together.

たけは空そらへ飛とんで、ガビサンまで行いきました。The bamboo flew up into the sky and carried them all the way to Mount Gabi.

ガビサンの高たかいいわの上うえで、テッカンシは言いいました。On top of a high rock on Mount Gabi, Tekkanshi spoke.

「わたしは空そらの上うえへ行いってくる。いろいろなおそろしいことが起おこるだろう。でも、決けっして声こえを出だしてはいけない。一言ひとことでも話はなしたら、せんにんにはなれないぞ」"I'm going up into the sky and will be back. All sorts of terrible things will probably happen. But you must never make a sound. If you say even one word, you cannot become a hermit-sage, mind you."

「大丈夫だいじょうぶです。死しんでも話はなしません」"I'll be all right. Even if I die, I won't speak."

テッカンシがいなくなると、空そらから「そこにいるのはだれだ」という声こえが聞きこえました。When Tekkanshi had gone, a voice came from the sky: "Who is that there?"

トシシュンは答こたえませんでした。Toshishun did not answer.

次つぎに、大おおきなとらと白しろいへびが出でてきて、トシシュンのほうへ来きました。Next, a huge tiger and a white snake appeared and came toward Toshishun.

でも、トシシュンは静しずかに座すわっていました。But Toshishun sat quietly.

すると、とらとへびは消きえました。Then the tiger and the snake vanished.

それから、強つよい風かぜが吹ふいて、雨あめが降ふって、大おおきなかみなりが鳴なりました。After that a strong wind blew, rain fell, and great claps of thunder roared.

でも、それもすぐに止やみました。But that, too, soon stopped.

次つぎに、おそろしい神かみが出でてきました。Next, a terrifying god appeared.

「答こたえないと、殺ころすぞ」と言いいました。"If you do not answer, I shall kill you!" he said.

空そらには、かたなを持もったぐんたいがたくさんいました。In the sky there were many soldiers holding swords.

それでもトシシュンは何なにも言いいませんでした。Even so, Toshishun said nothing.

神かみは怒おこって、トシシュンを殺ころしてしまいました。The god grew angry and killed Toshishun.

死しんだトシシュンは、じごくへ行いきました。Having died, Toshishun went to Hell.

えんま大王だいおうが「なぜ山やまの上うえに座すわっていたのか」と聞ききました。King Enma asked, "Why were you sitting on top of that mountain?"

トシシュンはテッカンシの言葉ことばを思おもい出だして、答こたえませんでした。Toshishun remembered Tekkanshi's words and did not answer.

おにたちは、トシシュンをじごくのいろいろな所ところに入いれて、ひどく痛いたい目めにあわせました。The demons put Toshishun into all the different places of Hell and made him suffer terrible pain.

それでもトシシュンは一言ひとことも話はなしませんでした。Even so, Toshishun did not speak a single word.

えんま大王だいおうは、おにに言いいました。King Enma spoke to the demons.

「この男おとこの両親りょうしんを連つれて来こい」"Bring this man's parents here!"

おにが連つれて来きたのは、二に頭とうのやせた馬うまでした。What the demons brought were two thin horses.

でも、その馬うまは死しんだ父ちちと母ははでした。But those horses were his dead father and mother.

「答こたえないと、両親りょうしんを打うつぞ」"If you do not answer, I shall have your parents beaten!"

トシシュンはやはり答こたえませんでした。Still Toshishun did not answer.

おにたちはむちで馬うまを強つよく打うちました。The demons beat the horses hard with whips.

馬うまはちのなみだを流ながして、苦くるしそうに鳴なきました。The horses shed tears of blood and cried out as if in agony.

トシシュンは目めを閉とじて、がまんしていました。Toshishun closed his eyes and endured it.

すると、小ちいさな声こえが聞きこえました。Then he heard a small voice.

「心配しんぱいしないで。お前まえが幸しあわせになれるなら、私わたしたちはどうなってもいいのだよ。言いいたくないことは、言いわなくていいからね」"Don't worry. As long as you can be happy, it doesn't matter what becomes of us. You don't have to say anything you don't want to say."

それは、よく知しっている母ははの声こえでした。It was the voice of his mother, the voice he knew so well.

母ははは、こんなに苦くるしくても、息子むすこのことを思おもっていたのです。Even in such pain, his mother had been thinking of her son.

トシシュンは走はしって行いって、馬うまを抱だいて、なみだを流ながして「お母かあさん」とさけびました。Toshishun ran to her, threw his arms around the horse, and with tears streaming down cried out, "Mother!"

気きがつくと、トシシュンはまた夕方ゆうがたの西にしのもんの下したに立たっていました。When he came to his senses, Toshishun was once again standing beneath the west gate in the evening.

前まえにはテッカンシがいました。Tekkanshi was there in front of him.

「どうだ。せんにんにはなれなかっただろう」"Well? You couldn't become a hermit-sage, could you?"

「はい、なれませんでした。でも、なれなくてうれしいです。両親りょうしんが打うたれているのを見みて、黙だまっていることはできません」"No, I couldn't. But I'm glad I couldn't. When I see my parents being beaten, I cannot stay silent."

「もしお前まえが黙だまっていたら、わたしはお前まえを殺ころすつもりだった。これから何なんになりたいか」"If you had stayed silent, I meant to kill you. What do you want to become from now on?"

「何なんになっても、正直しょうじきに、人間にんげんらしく生いきるつもりです」"Whatever I become, I mean to live honestly, as a human being should."

「その言葉ことばを忘わすれるなよ。わたしはもうお前まえに会あわない」"Don't forget those words. I won't be seeing you again."

テッカンシは歩あるき出だしましたが、足あしを止とめて、トシシュンの方ほうを向むきました。Tekkanshi started to walk away, but then he stopped and turned toward Toshishun.

「そうだ、わたしはある山やまの南みなみに家いえを一いっけん持もっている。その家いえとはたけをお前まえにやろう。今いまは家いえのまわりに、ももの花はながたくさんさいているだろう」"Ah, yes. I own a house on the south side of a certain mountain. I'll give you that house and its fields. About now, peach blossoms must be blooming all around it."

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
もんもんgate (of a city)dictionary form: 門Usually written 門. Old Chinese cities were surrounded by walls with large gates.N5
貧しくまずしいpoordictionary form: 貧しいA more formal and written word than お金がない. The opposite is 金持ち (a rich person).N3
あいさつあいさつgreeting; saying hellodictionary form: 挨拶あいさつもしない means 'not even say hello', which shows how cold people were.N4
せんにんせんにんhermit-sage; an immortal with magic powersdictionary form: 仙人A figure from Chinese Taoist legend who lives in the mountains, can fly, and never grows old. English has no exact equivalent.—
おそろしいおそろしいterrifying, dreadfuldictionary form: 恐ろしいStronger than こわい and more common in writing.N3
決してけっしてnever, by no meansAlways used with a negative: 決して〜ない / 決して〜てはいけない.N4
かみなりかみなりthunder; lightningdictionary form: 雷The verb is 鳴る: かみなりが鳴る = it thunders.N3
じごくじごくHelldictionary form: 地獄The opposite is 天国 or 極楽 (Paradise).N1
おにおにdemon, ogredictionary form: 鬼In Buddhist stories, oni guard Hell and punish the dead.N3
痛い目にあわせましたいたいめにあわせるto make someone suffer; to hurt someone badlydictionary form: 痛い目にあわせる痛い目にあう = to have a painful experience; あわせる is the causative (make someone go through it).—
がまんしてがまんするto endure, to bear (pain, feelings)dictionary form: 我慢するA very common word for holding back pain or emotion.—
気がつくきがつくto come to one's senses; to notice気がつくと at the start of a sentence means 'when he came to / suddenly he realised'.—
黙ってだまるto be silent, to say nothingdictionary form: 黙る黙っている = to stay silent (a continuing state).N3
正直しょうじきhonest; honestlyA な-adjective: 正直な人, 正直に生きる.N3

Grammar

〜てしまう N4 to do completely; to end up doing (with regret)

It shows that an action is finished and often that the result is unfortunate. Here Toshishun has spent all his money and cannot undo it.

今はお金を全部使ってしまって、とても貧しくなっていました

now he had spent all his money and had become very poor

〜はずだ N4 should be; is expected to be

The speaker is sure about something based on what he knows. With きっと it sounds very confident, as if the old man already knows the gold is there.

きっと金がたくさんあるはずだ

You're sure to find plenty of gold there.

〜ようになる N4 to come to do; to start doing (a change)

Dictionary form + ようになる describes a change in habit or situation. The friends, who before had not even greeted him, started coming to his house every day after he became rich.

前はあいさつもしなかった友達が、毎日家に来るようになりました

friends who had never even greeted him before began to visit his house every day

〜ても N4 even if

The て-form + も means the result will not change even in that case. Toshishun promises that not even death will make him speak.

死んでも話しません

Even if I die, I won't speak.

〜ぞ N3 sentence-ending particle for strong warnings

ぞ is a rough, masculine particle that makes a statement forceful. With 〜ないと it becomes a threat: 'if you don't…, I will…'.

答えないと、殺すぞ

If you do not answer, I shall kill you!

〜らしく N3 like a true…; as a … should

Noun + らしい means having the typical good qualities of that thing; らしく is the adverb form. 人間らしく生きる means to live as a real human being, with feelings and kindness.

何になっても、正直に、人間らしく生きるつもりです

Whatever I become, I mean to live honestly, as a human being should.