Cover of 杜子春 (Toshishun)

Part 1 of 7 · JLPT N2

杜子春(一) Toshishun, part 1: The Old Man at the West Gate

by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke · 941 characters · from Toshishun and the Hermit of Mount Gabi

In this part

Toshishun, a rich man's son who has spent his whole fortune, stands hungry and homeless at the west gate of Rakuyō one spring evening, wondering whether he would be better off dead. A one-eyed old man appears and tells him to dig at night where the head of his shadow falls, promising a cartload of gold. When Toshishun looks up in surprise, the old man has vanished.

AI translation · independently checked

或ある春はるの日暮ひぐれです。It was dusk on a certain spring day.

唐とうの都みやこ洛陽らくようの西にしの門もんの下したに、ぼんやり空そらを仰あおいでいる、一人ひとりの若者わかものがありました。Beneath the west gate of Rakuyō, the capital of Tō, there stood a young man gazing vacantly up at the sky.

若者わかものは名なを杜と子春ししゅんといって、元もとは金持かねもちの息子むすこでしたが、今いまは財産ざいさんを費つかい尽つくして、その日ひの暮くらしにも困こまる位くらい、憐あわれな身分みぶんになっているのです。The young man's name was Toshishun. He had once been the son of a rich man, but now he had spent every bit of his fortune and had sunk into such a pitiful state that he could hardly get by from one day to the next.

何なにしろその頃ころ洛陽らくようといえば、天下てんかに並ならぶもののない、繁昌はんじょうを極きわめた都みやこですから、往来おうらいにはまだしっきりなく、人ひとや車くるまが通とおっていました。After all, Rakuyō in those days was a city without equal under heaven, at the very height of its prosperity, so people and carts were still passing along the streets in an endless stream.

門もん一いっぱいに当あたっている、油あぶらのような夕日ゆうひの光ひかりの中なかに、老人ろうじんのかぶった紗しゃの帽子ぼうしや、土耳古とるこの女おんなの金かねの耳環みみわや、白馬しろうまに飾かざった色糸いろいとの手綱たづなが、絶たえず流ながれて行いく容子ようすは、まるで画えのような美うつくしさです。In the oily light of the setting sun that filled the whole gateway, the gauze caps worn by old men, the gold earrings of Turkish women, and the coloured-thread reins decorating white horses flowed by without a pause, a sight as lovely as a painting.

しかし杜と子春ししゅんは相あい変かわらず、門もんの壁かべに身みを凭もたせて、ぼんやり空そらばかり眺ながめていました。But Toshishun, just as before, leaned his body against the wall of the gate and did nothing but stare vacantly at the sky.

空そらには、もう細ほそい月つきが、うらうらと靡なびいた霞かすみの中なかに、まるで爪つめの痕あとかと思おもう程ほど、かすかに白しろく浮うかんでいるのです。In the sky a thin moon had already risen, floating faint and white amid the softly trailing spring haze, so slight you might have taken it for the mark of a fingernail.

「日ひは暮くれるし、腹はらは減へるし、その上うえもうどこへ行いっても、泊とめてくれる所ところはなさそうだし――こんな思おもいをして生いきている位くらいなら、一いっそ川かわへでも身みを投なげて、死しんでしまった方ほうがましかも知しれない」"The day is ending, I'm hungry, and on top of that it seems there's nowhere left that will put me up for the night, wherever I go. If I have to live feeling like this, perhaps I'd be better off throwing myself into the river and being done with it."

杜と子春ししゅんはひとりさっきから、こんな取とりとめもないことを思おもいめぐらしていたのです。For some while now, Toshishun had been turning such aimless thoughts over and over by himself.

するとどこからやって来きたか、突然とつぜん彼かれの前まえへ足あしを止とめた、片目かため眇すがめの老人ろうじんがあります。Then, from who knows where, an old man blind in one eye appeared and suddenly came to a stop in front of him.

それが夕日ゆうひの光ひかりを浴あびて、大おおきな影かげを門もんへ落おとすと、じっと杜と子春ししゅんの顔かおを見みながら、Bathed in the light of the setting sun, he cast a great shadow across the gate, and, staring hard at Toshishun's face,

「お前まえは何なにを考かんがえているのだ」と、横柄おうへいに声こえをかけました。"What are you thinking about?" he called out gruffly.

「私わたしですか。私わたくしは今夜こんや寝ねる所ところもないので、どうしたものかと考かんがえているのです」"Me, sir? I have nowhere to sleep tonight, so I was wondering what I ought to do."

老人ろうじんの尋たずね方かたが急きゅうでしたから、杜と子春ししゅんはさすがに眼めを伏ふせて、思おもわず正直しょうじきな答こたえをしました。Because the old man's question had come so abruptly, Toshishun, as one might expect, lowered his eyes and found himself giving an honest answer.

「そうか。それは可哀かわいそうだな」"Is that so? That's a pity."

老人ろうじんは暫しばらく何事なにごとか考かんがえているようでしたが、やがて、往来おうらいにさしている夕日ゆうひの光ひかりを指ゆびさしながら、The old man seemed to be thinking something over for a while, but presently, pointing at the evening sunlight slanting across the street,

「ではおれが好いいことを一ひとつ教おしえてやろう。今いまこの夕日ゆうひの中なかに立たって、お前まえの影かげが地ちに映うつったら、その頭あたまに当あたる所ところを夜中よなかに掘ほって見みるが好よい。きっと車くるまに一いっぱいの黄金おうごんが埋うまっている筈はずだから」"Well then, I'll tell you something good. Stand in this evening sun right now, and when your shadow falls on the ground, go and dig at the spot where its head lies in the middle of the night. You're sure to find a whole cartload of gold buried there."

「ほんとうですか」"Is that true?"

杜と子春ししゅんは驚おどろいて、伏ふせていた眼めを挙あげました。Toshishun raised his lowered eyes in astonishment.

ところが更さらに不思議ふしぎなことには、あの老人ろうじんはどこへ行いったか、もうあたりにはそれらしい、影かげも形かたちも見当みあたりません。But stranger still, the old man had gone who knows where, and there was no sign or shadow of anyone like him anywhere around.

その代かわり空そらの月つきの色いろは前まえよりも猶なお白しろくなって、休やすみない往来おうらいの人通ひとどおりの上うえには、もう気きの早はやい蝙蝠こうもりが二三匹にさんびきひらひら舞まっていました。Instead, the moon in the sky had grown whiter than before, and above the ceaseless stream of passers-by in the street, two or three impatient bats were already fluttering about.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
日暮ひぐれdusk, nightfalldictionary form: 日暮れFrom 日が暮れる, 'the day darkens'.—
仰いであおぐto look up atdictionary form: 仰ぐLiterary; also means 'to look up to, respect'.N1
財産ざいさんfortune, property, assetsN3
費い尽してつかいつくすto spend completely, use updictionary form: 費い尽くす〜尽くす adds 'completely, to the last'. Modern writing uses 使い尽くす.—
繁昌はんじょうprosperity, flourishingNow usually written 繁盛. 〜を極める = to reach the height of.N1
往来おうらいstreet, road; coming and goingOld-fashioned word for a busy street.—
容子ようすappearance, the look of thingsOlder spelling of 様子.N3
凭せてもたせるto lean (something) againstdictionary form: 凭せる身を凭せる = to lean one's body against. Modern: もたれる 'to lean'.—
霞かすみ(spring) haze, mistA classic image of spring in Japanese poetry.—
眇すがめblind (or squinting) in one eyeArchaic; 片目眇 = blind in one eye.—
横柄おうへいarrogant, haughty, gruffNa-adjective; here 横柄に = gruffly.—
黄金おうごんgoldMore literary than きん.N1
見当りませんみあたるto be found, to turn updictionary form: 見当たるMostly used in the negative: 見当たらない = can't be found.—
蝙蝠こうもりbat (animal)Usually written in kana today.—

Grammar

名を〜といって N3 whose name was ~; was called ~

名を〜といって: という is used in its て-form to introduce a person's name and link it to the rest of the sentence. 名を〜という is a literary, storytelling way of saying 'his name was ~', and the て-form lets the narration continue ('his name was ~, and ...').

若者は名を杜子春といって、元は金持の息子でしたが

The young man's name was Toshishun, and he had once been the son of a rich man, but

〜し、〜し N4 and ~, and what's more ~ (listing reasons)

Plain-form verbs followed by し list several reasons that pile up together. Here Toshishun lists his troubles one after another.

日は暮れるし、腹は減るし

The day is ending, I'm hungry

〜位なら〜方がまし N2 rather than ~, it would be better to ~

〜くらいなら presents an option that is unbearable, and 〜方がまし says the alternative, though bad, is still preferable. It expresses a desperate comparison.

こんな思いをして生きている位なら、一そ川へでも身を投げて、死んでしまった方がましかも知れない

If I have to live feeling like this, perhaps I'd be better off throwing myself into the river and being done with it.

〜てやろう N4 I'll do ~ for you

〜てやる is the plain, somewhat condescending form of 〜てあげる, used by a superior toward someone lower. The volitional やろう makes it an offer, fitting the old man's brusque tone.

ではおれが好いことを一つ教えてやろう

Well then, I'll tell you something good.

〜が好い (〜がいい) N2 you should ~; go ahead and ~

Attached to the dictionary form, 〜がいい gives a firm recommendation or instruction, often from someone speaking down to the listener.

その頭に当る所を夜中に掘って見るが好い

Go and dig at the spot where its head lies in the middle of the night.

〜筈だ N3 should be ~; is sure to be ~

はず expresses the speaker's confident expectation based on reasoning or knowledge. With きっと and から, the old man strongly assures Toshishun of the gold.

きっと車に一ぱいの黄金が埋まっている筈だから

You're sure to find a whole cartload of gold buried there.