Cover of よだかの星 (Yodaka no Hoshi)N3 · easy

Simplified retelling · JLPT N3

よだかの星 Yodaka no Hoshi in easy Japanese (N3)

Retold for N3 learners after the story by Miyazawa Kenji · 2,194 characters

This is our own simplified retelling of How the Nighthawk Became a Star, written for N3 learners and checked word by word against the N3 vocabulary list. A few story words and grammar patterns go beyond N3; the notes below give each one's level. It keeps the characters, events and ending of the original. When it feels easy, move on to the original text.

The story in brief

The nighthawk is an ugly bird whom everyone dislikes. The hawk threatens to kill him unless he changes his name to Ichizō, and he is troubled that he kills insects every night. After saying goodbye to his brother, he asks the sun, who kindly tells him to ask the stars instead. The stars all turn him away, but he flies straight up until his strength is gone and becomes a star that still burns today.

AI translation · independently checked

よだかは、とてもみにくい鳥とりです。The nighthawk was a very ugly bird.

体からだには、きたない色いろの点てんがたくさんあります。His body was covered in spots of a dirty colour.

口くちはとても大おおきくて、耳みみの近ちかくまであります。His mouth was very large and stretched almost to his ears.

足あしもよわくて、上手じょうずに歩あるけません。His legs were weak too, and he could not walk well.

ほかの鳥とりたちは、よだかを見みただけで、いやな気持きもちになりました。The other birds felt disgusted just from looking at the nighthawk.

小ちいさな鳥とりたちは、よだかに会あうと、いつもいやなことを言いいました。Whenever the little birds met the nighthawk, they always said nasty things.

「また来きたよ。本当ほんとうにへんな鳥とりだね。」"He's here again. What a strange bird he really is."

でも、よだかは本当ほんとうはたかのなかまではありません。But in truth, the nighthawk was no relative of the hawk.

美うつくしいかわせみと、ほうせきのようなはちすずめのお兄にいさんでした。He was the elder brother of the beautiful kingfisher and of the jewel-like hummingbird.

よだかには、するどいくちばしも、強つよい足あしもありません。The nighthawk had neither a sharp beak nor strong feet.

だから、どんなによわい鳥とりでも、よだかをこわがる理由りゆうはありませんでした。So even the weakest bird had no reason to be afraid of him.

よだかのはねは強つよくて、飛とぶ時ときはたかのように見みえました。His wings were strong, and when he flew he looked like a hawk.

声こえも、少すこしたかに似にていました。His voice was also a little like a hawk's.

それで「たか」という名前なまえがついたのです。That was how he came to have the word "hawk" in his name.

たかは、それがとてもきらいでした。The hawk hated this very much.

ある夕方ゆうがた、たかがよだかの家いえに来きました。One evening the hawk came to the nighthawk's home.

「おい、よだか。名前なまえはいつ変かえるんだ。おれは青あおい空そらをどこまでも飛とべる。お前まえは、くもりの日ひか夜よるだけ出でて来くる鳥とりだ。」"Hey, nighthawk. When are you going to change your name? I can fly as far as I like across the blue sky. You're a bird that only comes out on cloudy days or at night."

「たかさん、それは無理むりです。この名前なまえは、神かみさまにもらったものです。」"Mr Hawk, I can't do that. God gave me this name."

「いや、お前まえの名前なまえは、おれと夜よるから借かりた名前なまえだ。返かえせ。今日きょうから『いちぞう』という名前なまえにしろ。首くびに『いちぞう』と書かいた紙かみをかけて、みんなの家いえにあいさつに回まわるんだ。」"No. Your name is borrowed from me and from the night. Give it back. From today, call yourself Ichizō. Hang a sign around your neck that says 'Ichizō', and go round to everyone's house to greet them."

「そんなことは、とてもできません。」"I could never do such a thing."

「あさっての朝あさ、おれは鳥とりの家いえを全部ぜんぶ回まわって聞きく。一ひとつの家いえでもお前まえが来きていなかったら、お前まえを殺ころすぞ。」"The morning after tomorrow I'll go round every bird's house and ask. If you haven't been to even one house, I'll kill you."

たかはそう言いって、帰かえって行いきました。With that, the hawk went home.

よだかは目めを閉とじて考かんがえました。The nighthawk closed his eyes and thought.

(どうしてぼくは、みんなにいやがられるのだろう。前まえに、小ちいさな鳥とりの子供こどもがすから落おちた時とき、ぼくはすに連つれて帰かえってあげた。でも、親おやの鳥とりは、どろぼうから守まもるように子供こどもをぼくからはなして、ぼくを笑わらった。そして今度こんどは、いちぞうという名前なまえだなんて。)(Why does everyone dislike me so much? Once, when a little baby bird fell out of its nest, I took it back to the nest. But its parent pulled the baby away from me as if guarding it from a thief, and laughed at me. And now they want to call me Ichizō!)

暗くらくなると、よだかは空そらへ飛とび出だしました。When it grew dark, the nighthawk flew out into the sky.

遠とおくの山やまでは、火ひが赤あかくもえていました。On the distant mountains, fires were burning red.

よだかが口くちを大おおきく開あけて飛とぶと、小ちいさなむしがたくさん口くちに入はいりました。As the nighthawk flew with his mouth wide open, lots of small insects went into it.

かぶとむしが一いっぴき、よだかののどに入はいって、苦くるしそうに動うごきました。One beetle got into his throat and struggled painfully.

よだかはそれを飲のみましたが、その時とき、急きゅうに心こころが痛いたくなりました。The nighthawk swallowed it, but at that moment his heart suddenly began to ache.

よだかは大おおきな声こえでなきながら、空そらを回まわりました。Crying out loudly, the nighthawk circled round and round the sky.

(ああ、ぼくは毎晩まいばん、たくさんのむしを殺ころしている。そして、そのぼくが今度こんどはたかに殺ころされる。なんてつらいことだろう。もう、むしを食たべるのはやめよう。遠とおい遠とおい空そらの向むこうへ行いってしまおう。)(Oh, every night I kill so many insects. And now I am going to be killed by the hawk. How painful this is. I'll stop eating insects. I'll go away, far, far beyond the sky.)

よだかは、弟おとうとのかわせみの所ところへ飛とんで行いきました。The nighthawk flew to his younger brother, the kingfisher.

「お兄にいさん、どうしたのですか。」"Brother, what's wrong?"

「ぼくは遠とおい所ところへ行いくんだ。その前まえに、お前まえに会あいに来きたよ。」"I'm going somewhere far away. I came to see you before I go."

「行いってはいけません。はちすずめも遠とおくにいるのに、ぼくは一人ひとりになってしまいます。」"You mustn't go. The hummingbird is far away too, so I'll be all alone."

「もう決きめたんだ。お前まえも、魚さかなを取とるのは、本当ほんとうに必要ひつような時ときだけにしておくれ。はちすずめにも、よろしく。元気げんきでね。」"I've already decided. And please catch fish only when you really need to. Give my regards to the hummingbird. Take care."

よだかはなきながら、家いえに帰かえりました。Crying, the nighthawk went home.

夏なつの夜よるはみじかくて、もう朝あさになりかけていました。The summer night was short, and morning was already beginning to come.

よだかは、すの中なかをきれいにかたづけて、また飛とび出だしました。The nighthawk tidied the inside of his nest and flew out again.

お日ひさまが、東ひがしから上のぼって来きました。The sun came up in the east.

よだかはまぶしいのをがまんして、お日ひさまの方ほうへ飛とびました。Putting up with the dazzling light, the nighthawk flew toward the sun.

「お日ひさま、私わたくしをあなたの所ところへ連つれて行いってください。やけて死しんでもかまいません。」"Sun, please take me to where you are. I don't mind if I burn to death."

お日ひさまは、だんだん遠とおくなりながら言いいました。As it moved farther and farther away, the sun spoke.

「お前まえはよだかだね。つらかっただろう。でも、お前まえは夜よるの鳥とりだ。今夜こんや、ほしに頼たのんでみなさい。」"You're the nighthawk, aren't you? It must have been hard for you. But you are a bird of the night. Tonight, try asking the stars."

よだかは力ちからをなくして、草くさの上うえに落おちてしまいました。His strength gone, the nighthawk fell down onto the grass.

まるで夢ゆめを見みているようでした。It was just as if he were dreaming.

目めを開あけると、もう夜よるでした。When he opened his eyes, it was already night.

空そらには、たくさんのほしが光ひかっていました。Many stars were shining in the sky.

よだかは空そらへ上のぼって行いきました。The nighthawk rose up into the sky.

よだかは、西にしの青白あおじろいほしに頼たのみました。He asked the pale blue-white star in the west.

でも、ほしは歌うたを歌うたっていて、よだかを見みもしませんでした。But the star was singing a song and did not even look at him.

次つぎに、南みなみの青あおいほしに頼たのみました。Next, he asked the blue star in the south.

「ばかなことを言いうな。お前まえはただの鳥とりだ。お前まえのはねでは、何なんおく年ねんかかっても、ここまで来こられるものか。」"Don't talk nonsense. You're only a bird. With wings like yours, you could never get up here, not even in hundreds of millions of years."

次つぎに、北きたの青あおいほしに頼たのみました。Next, he asked the blue star in the north.

「そんなことを考かんがえてはいけない。少すこし頭あたまを休やすめなさい。冷つめたい水みずの中なかにでも入はいって来きなさい。」"You mustn't think such things. Give your head a little rest. Go and jump into some cold water or something."

最後さいごに、東ひがしの白しろいほしに頼たのみました。Last of all, he asked the white star in the east.

「いやいや、とても無理むりだ。ほしになれるのは、特別とくべつな者ものだけだ。それに、お金かねもたくさんいるのだ。」"No, no, that's quite impossible. Only special beings can become stars. Besides, it takes a lot of money."

よだかは、もう力ちからをなくして、はねを閉とじて、下したへ落おちて行いきました。With no strength left, the nighthawk folded his wings and fell downward.

でも、足あしが土つちにつく少すこし前まえ、よだかは急きゅうに空そらへ上のぼって行いきました。But just before his feet touched the ground, he suddenly rose up into the sky.

そして、たかのように高たかい声こえでなきました。Then he cried out in a high voice, like a hawk.

ねむっていたほかの鳥とりたちは、みんな目めを覚さまして、ふるえながらほしの空そらを見みました。The other birds, who had been asleep, all woke up and looked at the starry sky, trembling.

よだかは、どこまでもまっすぐ空そらへ上のぼって行いきました。The nighthawk went on rising straight up into the sky, on and on.

山やまの火ひは、もうとても小ちいさく見みえます。The fires on the mountains now looked very small.

とても寒さむくて、息いきは白しろくこおりました。It was very cold, and his breath froze white.

空気くうきがうすいので、はねを何度なんども動うごかさなければなりませんでした。The air was thin, so he had to beat his wings again and again.

それでも、ほしは少すこしも近ちかくなりません。Even so, the stars did not come any closer at all.

よだかのはねは、もう動うごかなくなりました。The nighthawk's wings would no longer move.

よだかは、なみだの出でた目めで、もう一度いちど空そらを見みました。With tears in his eyes, the nighthawk looked at the sky once more.

これが、よだかの最後さいごでした。That was the nighthawk's end.

よだかは、上のぼっているのか、落おちているのかも、分わかりませんでした。The nighthawk could not tell whether he was rising or falling.

でも、心こころはとても静しずかでした。But his heart was very calm.

ちのついたくちばしは、少すこし笑わらっているようでした。His bloodstained beak seemed to be smiling a little.

しばらくして、よだかは目めを開あけました。After a while, the nighthawk opened his eyes.

自分じぶんの体からだが、青あおく美うつくしい光ひかりになって、静しずかにもえているのが見みえました。He saw that his own body had become a beautiful blue light and was quietly burning.

よだかは、ほかのほしの間あいだにいました。The nighthawk was among the other stars.

よだかのほしは、いつまでもいつまでももえつづけました。The nighthawk's star burned on and on, for ever and ever.

今いまでも、まだもえています。It is still burning even now.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
よだかよだかnighthawk (nightjar), a bird that hunts insects at duskThe name contains たか ('hawk'), and this is why the hawk is angry. Written 夜鷹 in kanji, literally 'night hawk'.—
みにくいみにくいuglydictionary form: 醜いDo not confuse it with 見にくい ('hard to see'), which sounds the same.N2
なかまなかまcompanion; member of the same group or kind (here: one of the hawk's kind/family)dictionary form: 仲間Usually means 'friend' or 'companion'. Here it means a bird of the same family.N3
するどいするどいsharpdictionary form: 鋭いUsed for claws, knives and beaks, and also for a sharp mind or a sharp look.N3
無理むりimpossible; unreasonableそれは無理です is a common, fairly direct way to refuse.N4
いやがられるいやがるto dislike, to not want (shown by behaviour)dictionary form: 嫌がるPassive here: 'to be disliked by others'. 〜がる describes someone else's feelings as seen from outside.N2
もえてもえるto burndictionary form: 燃えるA key word in the story: first the field fires burn, and at the end the nighthawk himself burns as a star.N3
かたづけてかたづけるto tidy up, to put in orderdictionary form: 片付けるHe cleans his nest because he does not plan to come back.N4
まぶしいまぶしいdazzling, too bright to look atdictionary form: 眩しいN2
がまんがまんenduring, putting up with somethingdictionary form: 我慢〜をがまんする = to bear something unpleasant. The pattern 〜のをがまんする turns a whole phrase into the thing that is endured.N3
頼みましたたのむto ask (someone to do something), to requestdictionary form: 頼むN5
目を覚ましてめをさますto wake updictionary form: 目を覚ますThe intransitive form is 目が覚める ('to wake up / be woken').—
こおりましたこおるto freezedictionary form: 凍るN3

Grammar

Noun + のように N4 like ~, as if ~

のように compares something to a noun. たかのように見えました means the nighthawk looked like a hawk when he flew. The same pattern appears in たかのように高い声 ('in a voice as high as a hawk's').

飛ぶ時はたかのように見えました。

When he flew, he looked like a hawk.

Passive 〜られる / 〜れる N4 to be done to (by someone)

The passive puts the nighthawk in the position of the one who suffers the action, and the doer is marked with に. Here he realises that he kills insects and will now be killed himself.

そのぼくが今度はたかに殺される。

And now I am going to be killed by the hawk.

〜てしまおう N4 let me just ~ / I'll go ahead and ~ (for good)

〜てしまう shows that an action is complete or cannot be undone, and 〜おう is the volitional form ('I will / let's'). Together they show a firm decision to leave and never return.

遠い遠い空の向こうへ行ってしまおう。

I'll go away, far, far beyond the sky.

Verb stem + かける N3 to be about to ~, to have just started ~

Verb stem + かける means an action or change has begun but is not finished. 朝になりかけていました means the night was already starting to turn into morning.

もう朝になりかけていました。

Morning was already beginning to come.

〜ものか N2 as if ~! / there's no way ~

〜ものか is a strong rhetorical question that means the opposite of what it says. The star is not asking a question: it declares that the nighthawk could never reach it. It sounds rough and scornful.

何おく年かかっても、ここまで来られるものか。

You could never get up here, not even in hundreds of millions of years.

Verb stem + つづける N4 to keep on ~, to continue ~

つづける attaches to a verb stem to show that an action goes on without stopping. Together with いつまでもいつまでも it shows that the star burns forever.

よだかのほしは、いつまでもいつまでももえつづけました。

The nighthawk's star burned on and on, for ever and ever.