Cover of よだかの星 (Yodaka no Hoshi)N4 · easy

Simplified retelling · JLPT N4

よだかの星 Yodaka no Hoshi in easy Japanese (N4)

Retold for N4 learners after the story by Miyazawa Kenji · 1,457 characters

This is our own simplified retelling of How the Nighthawk Became a Star, written for N4 learners and checked word by word against the N4 vocabulary list. A few story words and grammar patterns go beyond N4; the notes below give each one's level. It keeps the characters, events and ending of the original. When it feels easy, move on to the N3 version or the original text.

The story in brief

The nighthawk is an ugly bird that the other birds mock, and the hawk orders it to change its name to Ichizō or be killed. Heartbroken, it says goodbye to its brother the kingfisher and asks the sun to take it. The sun sends it to the stars, and the stars turn it away. It climbs on and on into the sky until it loses all sense of direction, and it becomes a quietly burning blue star that still shines today.

AI translation · independently checked

よだかは、とてもみにくい鳥とりです。The nighthawk was a very ugly bird.

かおには、みそをつけたような色いろがあります。Its face had a colour as if miso had been smeared on it.

くちばしは大おおきくて、みみの近ちかくまであります。Its beak was large and reached almost to its ears.

足あしはよわくて、ほとんど歩あるけません。Its legs were weak, and it could hardly walk at all.

ほかの鳥とりは、よだかを見みると、いやなかおをしました。Whenever the other birds saw the nighthawk, they made a sour face.

小ちいさい鳥とりたちは「また来きたよ。あの口くちを見みて。」と、悪わるいことを言いいました。The little birds said nasty things like, "Here it comes again. Look at that mouth."

よだかは、たかの兄弟きょうだいではありません。The nighthawk was not a brother of the hawk.

ほんとうは、きれいなかわせみと、はちすずめのお兄にいさんです。In truth, it was the elder brother of the beautiful kingfisher and the hummingbird.

でも、空そらをとぶ時とき、とても強つよくて、たかのように見みえます。But when it flew through the sky, it was very strong and looked like a hawk.

こえも、たかに少すこしにています。Its voice was a little like a hawk's, too.

だから、よだかという名前なまえになりました。That was how it came to be called the nighthawk.

たかは、それがとてもきらいでした。The hawk hated this very much.

ある夕方ゆうがた、たかがよだかの家いえへ来きて言いいました。One evening, the hawk came to the nighthawk's home and said:

「おい、早はやく名前なまえをかえろ。新あたらしい名前なまえはいちぞうだ。くびに『いちぞう』と書かいたふだをかけろ。そして、みんなの家いえをまわって、おじぎをしろ。あさっての朝あさまでにしなかったら、お前まえをころすぞ。」"Hey, change your name, and be quick about it. Your new name is Ichizō. Hang a tag around your neck with 'Ichizō' written on it. Then go round to everyone's home and bow. If you haven't done it by the morning after tomorrow, I'll kill you."

「そんなことはできません。」とよだかは言いいました。"I can't do such a thing," said the nighthawk.

でも、たかはとんで帰かえって行いきました。But the hawk flew off home.

よだかは目めをつぶって考かんがえました。The nighthawk closed its eyes and thought.

「どうして、ぼくはみんなにきらわれるのだろう。ぼくは何なにも悪わるいことをしていない。めじろの赤あかちゃんが木きからおちた時とき、お母かあさんのところへつれて行いってあげた。でも、めじろはぼくをわらったなあ。」"Why does everyone hate me? I haven't done anything wrong. When the white-eye's baby fell out of the tree, I carried it back to its mother. But the white-eye just laughed at me."

夜よるになりました。Night came.

とおくの山やまでは、火ひが赤あかくもえています。On the faraway mountains, fires were burning red.

よだかは空そらをとびながら、口くちを開あけて、小ちいさなむしを食たべました。As the nighthawk flew through the sky, it opened its mouth and ate small insects.

大おおきなむしが一ひとつ、のどに入はいって、動うごきました。One big insect went into its throat and wriggled.

よだかはそれを飲のみこみました。The nighthawk swallowed it.

すると、急きゅうに心こころがいたくなって、大おおきなこえでなき出だしました。Then suddenly its heart ached, and it began to cry out in a loud voice.

「ぼくは毎まいばん、たくさんのむしをころしている。そして今度こんどは、ぼくがたかにころされる。ああ、かなしい。もうむしは食たべない。とおい空そらのむこうへ行いこう。」"Every night I kill so many insects. And now, this time, I'm going to be killed by the hawk. Oh, how sad it is. I won't eat insects any more. I'll go far away, beyond the sky."

よだかは弟おとうとのかわせみのところへ行いきました。The nighthawk went to see its younger brother, the kingfisher.

「ぼくはとおいところへ行いくよ。お前まえも、ひつようがない時ときは、魚さかなをとらないでね。はちすずめにも、よろしく。さようなら。」"I'm going far away. You too, please don't catch fish when you don't need to. Give my best to the hummingbird. Goodbye."

かわせみは「兄にいさん、行いかないでください。」と言いいました。"Brother, please don't go," said the kingfisher.

でも、よだかはないて家いえへ帰かえりました。But the nighthawk went home, crying.

朝あさになりました。Morning came.

よだかは家いえをきれいにかたづけて、お日ひさまの方ほうへとんで行いきました。The nighthawk tidied its home neatly and flew off toward the sun.

「お日ひさま、私わたくしをあなたのところへつれて行いってください。やけて死しんでもかまいません。」"Sun, please take me to where you are. I don't mind if I burn up and die."

お日ひさまは言いいました。The sun said:

「お前まえは夜よるの鳥とりだ。今夜こんや、ほしにたのんでごらん。」"You are a bird of the night. Try asking the stars tonight."

よだかはくさの上うえにおちて、ゆめを見みているようでした。The nighthawk fell down onto the grass, and it seemed as if it were dreaming.

夜よるになって、よだかは目めを開あけました。When night came, the nighthawk opened its eyes.

空そらには、ほしがたくさんひかっていました。The sky was full of shining stars.

よだかは西にしのほしの方ほうへとんで、たのみました。The nighthawk flew toward the stars in the west and made its request.

でも、ほしはよだかを見みませんでした。But the stars did not look at the nighthawk.

南みなみのほしは「お前まえはただの鳥とりだ。ここまで来こられない。」と言いいました。The stars in the south said, "You're just a bird. You can't come all the way up here."

北きたのほしは「つめたい水みずに入はいって、よく考かんがえなさい。」と言いいました。The stars in the north said, "Go into some cold water and think it over carefully."

東ひがしのほしは「ほしになるには、お金かねもいるのだ。」と言いいました。The star in the east said, "To become a star, you need money, too."

よだかは力ちからがなくなって、下したへおちて行いきました。The nighthawk's strength gave out, and it began to fall downward.

でも、くさにつく前まえに、急きゅうに空そらへとび上あがりました。But before it reached the grass, it suddenly shot up into the sky.

そして、たかのような高たかいこえでなきました。And it cried out in a high voice, like a hawk.

ほかの鳥とりたちはみんな起おきて、こわそうに空そらを見みました。All the other birds woke up and looked up at the sky, frightened.

よだかは、どこまでもまっすぐ上うえへのぼって行いきました。The nighthawk climbed straight up, on and on without end.

とてもさむくて、空気くうきもうすくなりました。It grew very cold, and the air grew thin.

でも、ほしは少すこしも近ちかくなりません。But the stars did not come even a little closer.

よだかは、もう上うえも下したもわかりませんでした。The nighthawk could no longer tell up from down.

でも、心こころはしずかで、その口くちは少すこしわらっていました。Yet its heart was calm, and its beak was smiling a little.

しばらくして、よだかは目めを開あけました。After a while, the nighthawk opened its eyes.

よだかの体からだは、青あおくてうつくしいひかりになって、しずかにもえていました。Its body had become a beautiful blue light, and it was burning quietly.

よだかは、ほしになったのです。The nighthawk had become a star.

よだかのほしは、今いまでもまだもえています。The nighthawk's star is still burning, even now.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
よだかよだかnighthawk (a bird of the nightjar family)The name contains たか ('hawk'), which is why the hawk is angry and wants it changed.—
みにくいみにくいuglydictionary form: 醜いDo not confuse with 見にくい ('hard to see'), which is pronounced the same.N2
くちばしくちばしbeak, billdictionary form: 嘴N1
にていますにるto resemble, be likedictionary form: 似るUsually used as 〜に似ている for describing a state.N4
ふだふだtag, label, carddictionary form: 札Here, a name tag worn round the neck.N3
おじぎおじぎa bowdictionary form: お辞儀おじぎをする = to bow (in greeting or apology).N2
ころすころすto killdictionary form: 殺すA key story word; the passive ころされる ('be killed') appears later.N3
目をつぶってめをつぶるto close one's eyesdictionary form: 目をつぶる—
飲みこみましたのみこむto swallow (down)dictionary form: 飲み込む飲む + 込む ('into'): to swallow something whole.N1
かたづけてかたづけるto tidy up, put in orderdictionary form: 片付けるN4
たのんでたのむto ask (a favour), requestdictionary form: 頼むN5
うすくうすいthin (of air)dictionary form: 薄いAlso means 'light' for colours and 'weak' for drinks.N5
もえてもえるto burndictionary form: 燃えるIntransitive: something burns by itself. 燃やす = to burn something.N3

Grammar

Passive 〜られる / 〜れる N4 to be (done to)

The passive shows that the subject suffers an action. きらわれる comes from きらう and means 'to be hated'; later ころされる means 'to be killed'.

どうして、ぼくはみんなにきらわれるのだろう。

Why does everyone hate me? (lit. Why am I hated by everyone?)

〜のように / 〜ような N4 like ~, as if ~

Noun + のように compares something to something else. Before a noun it becomes のような, as in たかのような高いこえ ('a high voice like a hawk's').

とても強くて、たかのように見えます。

It was very strong and looked like a hawk.

〜てあげる N4 to do something for someone

Te-form + あげる shows a favour done for someone else. Here the nighthawk remembers the kind thing it did for the baby white-eye.

お母さんのところへつれて行ってあげた。

I carried it back to its mother.

Verb stem + 出す N4 to begin to ~ (suddenly)

Adding 出す to a verb stem shows that an action starts suddenly or strongly. なき出す means 'to burst out crying'.

大きなこえでなき出しました。

It began to cry out in a loud voice.

〜てもかまいません N4 it doesn't matter if ~, I don't mind if ~

Te-form + もかまいません says that the speaker accepts a result. The nighthawk is ready to accept even death.

やけて死んでもかまいません。

I don't mind if I burn up and die.

〜てごらん N3 try doing ~

Te-form + ごらん is a gentle, familiar command meaning 'try doing ~'. It comes from ご覧 (ご覧なさい / ご覧になる) and works as the imperative counterpart of 〜てみる. An older or higher person uses it to a younger or lower one, such as a parent to a child. It is not a polite form for speaking up to someone. (example: 今夜、ほしにたのんでごらん。)

今夜、ほしにたのんでごらん。

Try asking the stars tonight.