Cover of 文字禍 (Mojika)

Part 2 of 4 · JLPT N1

文字禍 Mojika, part 2: The Ills That Letters Bring

by Nakajima Atsushi · 1,934 characters · from What the Letters Whisper

In this part

Nabu-ahe-eriba questions newly literate people in Nineveh and compiles statistics: since learning letters, they report weaker eyes, coughs, baldness, dulled skills, cowardice and poor memory. He wonders whether a written character is merely the shadow of the real thing, so that people now grasp shadows instead of realities. His prime example is a book-mad old man who knows every detail of antiquity but nothing of the present, who is badly short-sighted and hunchbacked from reading, yet always oddly happy.

AI translation · independently checked

この発見はっけんを手始てはじめに、今いままで知しられなかった文字もじの霊れいの性質せいしつが次第しだいに少すこしずつ判わかって来きた。With this discovery as a starting point, the nature of the spirits of writing, unknown until then, gradually came to light, little by little.

文字もじの精霊せいれいの数かずは、地上ちじょうの事物じぶつの数かずほど多おおい、文字もじの精せいは野鼠のねずみのように仔こを産うんで殖ふえる。The spirits of writing are as numerous as the things upon the earth; they bear young and multiply like field mice.

ナブ・アヘ・エリバはニネヴェの街中まちなかを歩あるき廻まわって、最近さいきんに文字もじを覚おぼえた人々ひとびとをつかまえては、根気こんきよく一々いちいち尋たずねた。Nabu-ahe-eriba walked all over Nineveh, buttonholing people who had recently learned their letters and patiently questioning each one in turn.

文字もじを知しる以前いぜんに比くらべて、何なんか変かわったようなところはないかと。Was there anything about them, he asked, that seemed to have changed compared with the time before they knew letters?

これによって文字もじの霊れいの人間にんげんに対たいする作用はたらきを明あきらかにしようというのである。By this means he meant to make clear how the spirits of writing act upon human beings.

さて、こうして、おかしな統計とうけいが出来上できあがった。And so, in this way, a curious set of statistics took shape.

それによれば、文字もじを覚おぼえてから急きゅうに蝨しらみを捕とるのが下手へたになった者もの、眼めに埃ほこりが余計よけいはいるようになった者もの、今いままで良よく見みえた空そらの鷲わしの姿すがたが見みえなくなった者もの、空そらの色いろが以前いぜんほど碧あおくなくなったという者ものなどが、圧倒的あっとうてきに多おおい。According to these statistics, overwhelmingly common were those who, since learning letters, had suddenly grown clumsy at catching lice; those who now got more dust in their eyes; those who could no longer see the eagle in the sky that they had once seen clearly; and those who said the sky was not as blue as it used to be.

「文字もじノ精せいガ人間にんげんノ眼めヲ喰くイアラスコト、猶なお、蛆虫うじむしガ胡桃くるみノ固かたキ殻からヲ穿うがチテ、中なかノ実みヲ巧たくみニ喰くえイツクスガ如ごとシ」と、ナブ・アヘ・エリバは、新あたらしい粘土ねんどの備忘録びぼうろくに誌しるした。"The Spirit of Letters doth devour the Eye of Man even as the Maggot pierceth the hard Shell of the Walnut and cunningly eateth up the Kernel within," Nabu-ahe-eriba recorded on a fresh clay memorandum.

文字もじを覚おぼえて以来いらい、咳せきが出で始はじめたという者もの、くしゃみが出でるようになって困こまるという者もの、しゃっくりが度々たびたび出でるようになった者もの、下痢げりするようになった者ものなども、かなりの数かずに上のぼる。A considerable number, too, said that since learning letters they had begun to cough, or were plagued by sneezing, or now often had hiccups, or suffered from diarrhoea.

「文字もじノ精せいハ人間にんげんノ鼻はな・咽喉のど・腹はら等とうヲモ犯おかスモノノ如ごとシ」と、老ろう博士はかせはまた誌しるした。"The Spirit of Letters, it would seem, doth assail also the Nose, the Throat, the Belly and suchlike of Man," the old scholar noted once more.

文字もじを覚おぼえてから、にわかに頭髪とうはつの薄うすくなった者ものもいる。There were some whose hair had suddenly thinned after they learned letters.

脚あしの弱よわくなった者もの、手足てあしの顫ふるえるようになった者もの、顎あごがはずれ易やすくなった者ものもいる。There were also those whose legs had weakened, those whose hands and feet had begun to tremble, and those whose jaws had become prone to slipping out of joint.

しかし、ナブ・アヘ・エリバは最後さいごにこう書かかねばならなかった。In the end, however, Nabu-ahe-eriba was obliged to write the following.

「文字もじノ害がいタル、人間にんげんノ頭脳ずのうヲ犯おかシ、精神せいしんヲ痲痺まひセシムルニ至いたッテ、スナワチ極きわマル。」文字もじを覚おぼえる以前いぜんに比くらべて、職人しょくにんは腕うでが鈍にぶり、戦士せんしは臆病おくびょうになり、猟師りょうしは獅子ししを射い損そこなうことが多おおくなった。"The Harm of Letters reacheth its Utmost when it assaileth the Brain of Man and benumbeth his Spirit." Compared with the days before they learned letters, craftsmen's hands had lost their skill, warriors had grown cowardly, and hunters more often missed when they shot at lions.

これは統計とうけいの明あきらかに示しめす所ところである。This is what the statistics plainly show.

文字もじに親したしむようになってから、女おんなを抱だいても一向いっこう楽たのしゅうなくなったという訴うったえもあった。There was even a complaint that, since becoming familiar with letters, one no longer took the slightest pleasure in holding a woman.

もっとも、こう言い出だしたのは、七十ななじゅう歳さいを越こした老人ろうじんであるから、これは文字もじのせいではないかも知しれぬ。Admittedly, the one who said this was an old man past seventy, so perhaps letters were not to blame.

ナブ・アヘ・エリバはこう考かんがえた。Nabu-ahe-eriba reasoned as follows.

埃及えじぷと人じんは、ある物ものの影かげを、その物ものの魂たましいの一部いちぶと見做みなしているようだが、文字もじは、その影かげのようなものではないのか。The Egyptians, it seems, regard the shadow of a thing as part of that thing's soul; might not a written character be something like that shadow?

獅子ししという字じは、本物ほんものの獅子ししの影かげではないのか。Is the character for "lion" not the shadow of a real lion?

それで、獅子ししという字じを覚おぼえた猟師りょうしは、本物ほんものの獅子ししの代かわりに獅子ししの影かげを狙ねらい、女おんなという字じを覚おぼえた男おとこは、本物ほんものの女おんなの代かわりに女おんなの影かげを抱いだくようになるのではないか。Is that not why a hunter who has learned the character for "lion" ends up aiming at a lion's shadow instead of a real lion, and why a man who has learned the character for "woman" ends up embracing a woman's shadow instead of a real woman?

文字もじの無なかった昔むかし、ピル・ナピシュチムの洪水こうずい以前いぜんには、歓よろこびも智慧ちえもみんな直接ちょくせつに人間にんげんの中なかにはいって来きた。In the old days when there was no writing, before the Flood of Pir-napishtim, joy and wisdom alike came straight into people.

今いまは、文字もじの薄被ゔぇいるをかぶった歓よろこびの影かげと智慧ちえの影かげとしか、我々われわれは知しらない。Now we know only the shadow of joy and the shadow of wisdom, draped in the veil of letters.

近頃ちかごろ人々ひとびとは物憶ものおぼえが悪わるくなった。Lately people's memories have grown poor.

これも文字もじの精せいの悪戯いたずらである。This too is the mischief of the spirits of writing.

人々ひとびとは、もはや、書かきとめておかなければ、何なん一ひとつ憶おぼえることが出来できない。People can no longer remember a single thing unless they write it down.

着物きものを着きるようになって、人間にんげんの皮膚ひふが弱よわく醜みにくくなった。Since people took to wearing clothes, human skin has grown weak and ugly.

乗物のりものが発明はつめいされて、人間にんげんの脚あしが弱よわく醜みにくくなった。Since vehicles were invented, human legs have grown weak and ugly.

文字もじが普及ふきゅうして、人々ひとびとの頭あたまは、もはや、働はたらかなくなったのである。And now that writing has spread, people's heads simply no longer work.

ナブ・アヘ・エリバは、ある書物しょもつ狂きょうの老人ろうじんを知しっている。Nabu-ahe-eriba knows a certain book-mad old man.

その老人ろうじんは、博学はくがくなナブ・アヘ・エリバよりも更さらに博学はくがくである。This old man is even more learned than the learned Nabu-ahe-eriba himself.

彼かれは、スメリヤ語ごやアラメヤ語ごばかりでなく、紙草ぱぴるすや羊皮紙ようひしに誌しるされた埃及えじぷと文字もじまですらすらと読よむ。He reads with ease not only Sumerian and Aramaic but even the Egyptian script written on papyrus and parchment.

およそ文字もじになった古代こだいのことで、彼かれの知しらぬことはない。Of antiquity, so far as it has been set down in writing, there is nothing he does not know.

彼かれはツクルチ・ニニブ一世いっせい王おうの治世ちせい第だい何なん年ねん目めの何月なんがつ何日なんにちの天候てんこうまで知しっている。He knows even what the weather was on such-and-such a day of such-and-such a month in such-and-such a year of the reign of King Tukulti-Ninib I.

しかし、今日きょうの天気てんきは晴はれか曇くもりか気きが付つかない。Yet he does not notice whether today is fair or cloudy.

彼かれは、少女しょうじょサビツがギルガメシュを慰なぐさめた言葉ことばをも諳そらんじている。He knows by heart even the words with which the maiden Sabitu consoled Gilgamesh.

しかし、息子むすこをなくした隣人りんじんを何なんと言いって慰なぐさめてよいか、知しらない。Yet he does not know what to say to console a neighbour who has lost his son.

彼かれは、アダッド・ニラリ王おうの后きさき、サンムラマットがどんな衣装いしょうを好このんだかも知しっている。He knows, too, what garments Sammuramat, queen of King Adad-nirari, liked to wear.

しかし、彼かれ自身じしんが今いまどんな衣服いふくを着きているか、まるで気きが付ついていない。Yet he has not the faintest idea what clothes he himself has on at this moment.

何なんと彼かれは文字もじと書物しょもつとを愛あいしたであろう!How he must have loved letters and books!

読よみ、諳そらんじ、愛撫あいぶするだけではあきたらず、それを愛あいするの余あまりに、彼かれは、ギルガメシュ伝説でんせつの最古さいこ版ばんの粘土ねんど板ばんを噛砕かみくだき、水みずに溶とかして飲のんでしまったことがある。Not content merely to read them, recite them and caress them, he once, out of sheer excess of love, chewed up the clay tablet of the oldest version of the Gilgamesh legend, dissolved it in water and drank it down.

文字もじの精せいは彼かれの眼めを容赦ようしゃなく喰くい荒あらし、彼かれは、ひどい近眼きんがんである。The spirits of writing have ravaged his eyes without mercy, and he is badly short-sighted.

余あまり眼めを近ちかづけて書物しょもつばかり読よんでいるので、彼かれの鷲わし形がたの鼻はなの先さきは、粘土板ねんどばんと擦すれ合あって固かたい胼胝たこが出来できている。Because he is forever reading with his eyes pressed close to the page, the tip of his hooked, eagle-like nose has rubbed against the clay tablets until it has grown a hard callus.

文字もじの精せいは、また、彼かれの脊骨せぼねをも蝕むしばみ、彼かれは、臍へそに顎あごのくっつきそうな傴僂せむしである。The spirits of writing have also eaten into his spine, and he is a hunchback whose chin all but touches his navel.

しかし、彼かれは、恐おそらく自分じぶんが傴僂せむしであることを知しらないであろう。Yet he very likely does not know that he is a hunchback.

傴僂せむしという字じなら、彼かれは、五いつつの異ちがった国くにの字じで書かくことが出来できるのだが。The word "hunchback," mind you, he could write in the scripts of five different countries.

ナブ・アヘ・エリバ博士はかせは、この男おとこを、文字もじの精霊せいれいの犠牲者ぎせいしゃの第だい一いちに数かぞえた。The learned Nabu-ahe-eriba counted this man foremost among the victims of the spirits of writing.

ただ、こうした外観がいかんの惨みじめさにもかかわらず、この老人ろうじんは、実じつに――全まったく羨うらやましいほど――いつも幸福こうふくそうに見みえる。And yet, for all his wretched appearance, this old man always looks truly, quite enviably, happy.

これが不審ふしんといえば、不審ふしんだったが、ナブ・アヘ・エリバは、それも文字もじの霊れいの媚薬びやくのごとき奸猾かんかつな魔力まりょくのせいと見做みなした。That was strange, if one cared to call it so, but Nabu-ahe-eriba put it down, too, to the sly, love-potion-like sorcery of the spirits of writing.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
次第にしだいにgradually, by degreesOften paired with 少しずつ for emphasis, as here.—
精霊せいれいspirit, spriteUsed interchangeably with 霊 and 精 in this story for the spirits living in written characters.—
根気よくこんきよいpatiently, persistentlydictionary form: 根気よい根気 = stamina for tedious work.—
統計とうけいstatisticsAn ironic modern word in an ancient setting.N2
備忘録びぼうろくmemorandum, notebookLiterally 'a record to prepare against forgetting'; here it is a clay tablet.—
臆病おくびょうcowardly, timid臆病になる = to become cowardly.N1
見做してみなすto regard as, to considerdictionary form: 見做すAをBと見做す = regard A as B. Usually written みなす today.—
物憶えものおぼえmemory, ability to remember thingsdictionary form: 物覚え物覚えが悪い = to have a poor memory. 憶 is an older spelling of 覚.—
諳んじてそらんじるto know by heart, to recite from memorydictionary form: 諳んじるLiterary; everyday Japanese says 暗記する.—
傴僂せむしhunchbackOld word, now considered offensive and avoided.—
犠牲者ぎせいしゃvictim犠牲 = sacrifice; 〜者 = person.—
不審ふしんstrange, puzzling, hard to account for不審者 = a suspicious person.N1
奸猾かんかつcunning, wilyRare literary word; 狡猾 (こうかつ) is the common equivalent.—

Grammar

〜ては N2 repeatedly do A and then B

The て-form plus は marks an action that happens over and over, each time followed by the next action. Here he keeps catching people and questioning them, one after another.

最近に文字を覚えた人々をつかまえては、根気よく一々尋ねた

buttonholing people who had recently learned their letters and patiently questioning each one in turn

〜ガ如シ / 〜のごとき N1 just as, like

Classical ごとし means 'is like'. Its attributive form ごとき modifies a noun (媚薬のごとき魔力, 'love-potion-like magic' in the last sentence). The katakana note style gives the scholar's records a stiff, archaic flavour.

中ノ実ヲ巧ニ喰イツクスガ如シ

even as it cunningly eateth up the Kernel within

〜ねばならなかった N2 had to, was obliged to

ねば is a literary form of なければ, so 書かねばならなかった equals 書かなければならなかった. It suggests that he wrote this reluctantly, compelled by the evidence.

ナブ・アヘ・エリバは最後にこう書かねばならなかった。

In the end, Nabu-ahe-eriba was obliged to write the following.

AばかりでなくBまで N3 not only A but even B

ばかりでなく adds B to A, and まで stresses that B is surprising or extreme. Here it means 'not only these languages, but even Egyptian script'.

スメリヤ語やアラメヤ語ばかりでなく、紙草や羊皮紙に誌された埃及文字まですらすらと読む

He reads with ease not only Sumerian and Aramaic but even the Egyptian script written on papyrus and parchment

〜の余り(に) N2 out of an excess of, so much that

An excessive feeling leads to an extreme action. The usual form is 愛するあまり; the extra の before 余り is an older literary style.

それを愛するの余りに、彼は、ギルガメシュ伝説の最古版の粘土板を噛砕き

out of sheer excess of love, he chewed up the clay tablet of the oldest version of the Gilgamesh legend

〜にもかかわらず N3 despite, in spite of

It follows a noun or clause and introduces a result that goes against expectation. His wretched appearance would suggest misery, yet he looks happy.

こうした外観の惨めさにもかかわらず、この老人は、実に――全く羨ましいほど――いつも幸福そうに見える

for all his wretched appearance, this old man always looks truly, quite enviably, happy