Cover of 文字禍 (Mojika)

Part 3 of 4 · JLPT N1

文字禍 Mojika, part 3: The Old Scholar on What History Is

by Nakajima Atsushi · 1,709 characters · from What the Letters Whisper

In this part

When the king falls ill, his physician dresses in the royal robes to fool the goddess of death. Some young men mock the old custom as irrational, and the old scholar blames their shallow rationalism on the spirits of writing. When the young historian Ishdi-Nabu asks what history really is, the old scholar declares that only what is written on clay tablets truly exists and that humans are servants of the letter-spirits, though he adds that the spirits also do harm, which he is now studying, and that Ishdi-Nabu's own doubts come from being poisoned by them.

AI translation · independently checked

たまたまアシュル・バニ・アパル大王だいおうが病やまいに罹かかられた。It so happened that the Great King Ashur-bani-apal fell ill.

侍医じいのアラッド・ナナは、この病やまい軽かるからずと見みて、大王だいおうのご衣裳いしょうを借かり、自みずからこれをまとうて、アッシリヤ王おうに扮ふんした。The royal physician, Arad-Nana, judging the illness to be no light matter, borrowed the Great King's robes, put them on himself, and disguised himself as the King of Assyria.

これによって、死神しにがみエレシュキガルの眼めを欺あざむき、病やまいを大王だいおうから己おのれの身みに転てんじようというのである。By this means he intended to deceive the eyes of Ereshkigal, goddess of death, and divert the illness from the Great King onto his own person.

この古来こらいの医家いかの常法じょうほうに対たいして、青年せいねんの一部いちぶには、不信ふしんの眼めを向むける者ものがある。Some of the young men turned a sceptical eye on this time-honoured practice of physicians.

これは明あきらかに不合理ふごうりだ、エレシュキガル神かみともあろうものが、あんな子供こども瞞だましの計けいに欺あざむかれるはずがあるか、と、彼かれ等らは言いう。This is plainly irrational, they say: how could a goddess of Ereshkigal's standing possibly be fooled by such a childish trick?

碩学せきがくナブ・アヘ・エリバはこれを聞きいて厭いやな顔かおをした。The learned Nabu-ahe-eriba heard this and pulled a sour face.

青年等せいねんらのごとく、何事なにごとにも辻褄つじつまを合あわせたがることの中なかには、何なんかしらおかしな所ところがある。In wanting, as these young men do, to make everything add up, there is something faintly absurd.

全身ぜんしん垢あかまみれの男おとこが、一ヶ所いっかしょだけ、例たとえば足あしの爪先つまさきだけ、無闇むやみに美うつくしく飾かざっているような、そういうおかしな所ところが。The same sort of absurdity as a man caked in grime from head to foot who has lavishly decorated just one spot, say, the tips of his toes.

彼かれ等らは、神秘しんぴの雲くもの中なかにおける人間にんげんの地位ちいをわきまえぬのじゃ。They simply do not understand man's place amid the clouds of mystery, that's what it is.

老ろう博士はかせは浅薄せんぱくな合理ごうり主義しゅぎを一種いっしゅの病やまいと考かんがえた。The old scholar regarded shallow rationalism as a kind of disease.

そして、その病やまいをはやらせたものは、疑うたがいもなく、文字もじの精霊せいれいである。And what had spread that disease was, beyond all doubt, the spirit of the letters.

ある日ひ若わかい歴史家れきしか(あるいは宮廷きゅうていの記録係きろくがかり)のイシュデイ・ナブが訪たずねて来きて老ろう博士はかせに言いった。One day the young historian (or perhaps the court recorder) Ishdi-Nabu came to call and said to the old scholar:

歴史れきしとは何なんぞや?"What, pray, is history?"

と。So he asked.

老ろう博士はかせが呆あきれた顔かおをしているのを見みて、若わかい歴史家れきしかは説明せつめいを加くわえた。Seeing the old scholar's dumbfounded look, the young historian added an explanation.

先頃さきごろのバビロン王おうシャマシュ・シュム・ウキンの最期さいごについて色々いろいろな説せつがある。There are various accounts of the end of Shamash-shum-ukin, the late King of Babylon.

自みずから火ひに投とうじたことだけは確たしかだが、最後さいごの一月ひとつきほどの間あいだ、絶望ぜつぼうの余あまり、言語げんごに絶ぜっした淫蕩いんとうの生活せいかつを送おくったというものもあれば、毎日まいにちひたすら潔斎けっさいしてシャマシュ神かみに祈いのり続つづけたというものもある。That he threw himself into the fire is certain enough; but some say that during his last month or so, in the depths of despair, he led a life of unspeakable debauchery, while others say that every day he purified himself with single-minded devotion and prayed without ceasing to the god Shamash.

第だい一いちの妃ひただ一人ひとりと共ともに火ひに入はいったという説せつもあれば、数百すうひゃくの婢妾ひしょうを薪まきの火ひに投とうじてから自分じぶんも火ひに入はいったという説せつもある。One account has him entering the fire with his chief queen alone; another has him casting several hundred maids and concubines into the blazing firewood before going in himself.

何なにしろ文字通もじどおり煙けむりになったこととて、どれが正ただしいのか一向いっこう見当けんとうがつかない。At any rate, since he quite literally went up in smoke, there is no telling which version is true.

近々ちかじか、大王だいおうはそれらの中なかの一ひとつを選えらんで、自分じぶんにそれを記録きろくするよう命めいじたもうであろう。Before long the Great King will doubtless choose one of them and command me to record it.

これはほんの一いち例れいだが、歴史れきしとはこれでいいのであろうか。This is only one example, but is history really all right like this?

賢明けんめいな老ろう博士はかせが賢明けんめいな沈黙ちんもくを守まもっているのを見みて、若わかい歴史家れきしかは、次つぎのような形かたちに問といを変かえた。Seeing the wise old scholar maintain a wise silence, the young historian recast his question in the following form.

歴史れきしとは、昔むかし、在あった事柄ことがらをいうのであろうか?Does history mean the things that happened long ago?

それとも、粘土ねんど板いたの文字もじをいうのであろうか?Or does it mean the letters on the clay tablets?

獅子狩ししがりと、獅子しし狩かりの浮彫うきぼりとを混同こんどうしているような所ところがこの問といの中なかにある。There was something in this question that confused a lion hunt with a carved relief of a lion hunt.

博士はかせはそれを感かんじたが、はっきり口くちで言いえないので、次つぎのように答こたえた。The scholar sensed this, but since he could not put it plainly into words, he answered as follows.

歴史れきしとは、昔むかし在あった事柄ことがらで、かつ粘土板ねんどばんに誌しるされたものである。History is that which happened long ago and was moreover inscribed on clay tablets.

この二ふたつは同おなじことではないか。Are these two not one and the same thing?

書洩かきもらしは?"And the things left out?"

と歴史家れきしかが聞きく。the historian asks.

書洩かきもらし?"Left out?

冗談じょうだんではない、書かかれなかった事ことは、無なかった事ことじゃ。Don't talk rubbish! What was not written never happened.

芽めの出でぬ種子たねは、結局けっきょく初はじめから無なかったのじゃわい。A seed that never sprouts, when all's said and done, never existed in the first place, I tell you.

歴史れきしとはな、この粘土ねんど板いたのことじゃ。History, my boy, is this clay tablet here."

若わかい歴史家れきしかは情なさけなさそうな顔かおをして、指さし示しめされた瓦かわらを見みた。The young historian, looking wretched, gazed at the tablet being pointed out to him.

それはこの国くに最大さいだいの歴史家れきしかナブ・シャリム・シュヌ誌しるす所ところのサルゴン王おうハルディア征討行せいとうこうの一いち枚まいである。It was one tablet of the account of King Sargon's campaign against Haldia, inscribed by Nabu-shalim-shunu, the greatest historian in the land.

話はなしながら博士はかせの吐はき棄すてた柘榴ざくろの種子たねがその表面ひょうめんに汚きたならしくくっついている。Pomegranate seeds, which the scholar had spat out as he talked, clung unpleasantly to its surface.

ボルシッパなる明智めいちの神かみナブウの召使めしつかいたもう文字もじの精霊共せいれいどもの恐おそろしい力ちからを、イシュディ・ナブよ、君きみはまだ知しらぬとみえるな。"It seems, Ishdi-Nabu, that you do not yet know the dreadful power of the spirits of the letters, who serve Nabū, god of wisdom at Borsippa.

文字もじの精共せいどもが、一度いちどある事柄ことがらを捉とらえて、これを己おのれの姿すがたで現あらわすとなると、その事柄ことがらはもはや、不滅ふめつの生命せいめいを得えるのじゃ。Once the letter-spirits have seized upon a thing and expressed it in their own shapes, that thing gains a life that can never die.

反対はんたいに、文字もじの精せいの力ちからある手てに触ふれなかったものは、いかなるものも、その存在そんざいを失うしなわねばならぬ。Conversely, anything at all that has not been touched by the mighty hand of the letter-spirits must lose its existence.

太古たいこ以来いらいのアヌ・エンリルの書しょに書上かきあげられていない星ほしは、なにゆえに存在そんざいせぬか?Why is it that the stars not listed in the age-old book of Anu-Enlil do not exist?

それは、彼かれ等らがアヌ・エンリルの書しょに文字もじとして載のせられなかったからじゃ。Because they were never set down as letters in the book of Anu-Enlil, that's why.

大おおマルズック星せい(木星もくせい)が天界てんかいの牧羊ぼくよう者(オリオン)しゃの境さかいを犯おかせば神々かみがみの怒いかりが降くだるのも、月輪げつりんの上部じょうぶに蝕しょくが現あらわれればフモオル人じんが禍わざわいを蒙こうむるのも、皆みな、古書こしょに文字もじとして誌しるされてあればこそじゃ。When the great Marduk star (Jupiter) trespasses on the borders of the Heavenly Shepherd (Orion), the wrath of the gods descends; when an eclipse appears on the upper part of the moon's disc, the people of Humōr suffer disaster; and all of it is so only because it stands written in letters in the ancient books.

古代こだいスメリヤ人じんが馬うまという獣けものを知しらなんだのも、彼かれ等らの間あいだに馬うまという字じが無なかったからじゃ。If the ancient Sumerians knew no beast called the horse, that too was because they had no letter for 'horse' among them.

この文字もじの精霊せいれいの力ちからほど恐おそろしいものは無ない。There is nothing so fearsome as the power of these spirits of the letters.

君きみやわしらが、文字もじを使つかって書かきものをしとるなどと思おもったら大おお間違まちがい。If you think that you and I use letters to do our writing, you are sorely mistaken.

わしらこそ彼かれ等ら文字もじの精霊せいれいにこき使つかわれる下僕しもべじゃ。It is we who are the servants, worked to the bone by those spirits of the letters.

しかし、また、彼かれ等ら精霊せいれいの齎もたらす害がいも随分ずいぶんひどい。And yet the harm those spirits bring is grievous indeed.

わしは今いまそれについて研究けんきゅう中ちゅうだが、君きみが今いま、歴史れきしを誌しるした文字もじに疑うたがいを感かんじるようになったのも、つまりは、君きみが文字もじに親したしみ過すぎて、その霊れいの毒気どっきに中あたったためであろう。I am studying that very matter now, and the fact that you have begun to doubt the letters that record history is, in the end, surely because you have grown too familiar with letters and been struck by the poisonous breath of their spirit."

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
罹られたかかるto fall ill (with a disease)dictionary form: 罹るUsually written かかる or 掛かる today; 罹 is the kanji specific to illness. Here in the honorific passive form for the king.N3
扮したふんするto dress up as, disguise oneself asdictionary form: 扮するAlso used of actors playing a role.—
欺きあざむくto deceive, trickdictionary form: 欺くWritten-style; everyday speech uses だます (cf. 子供瞞し).N1
碩学せきがくgreat scholar, man of profound learningLiterary and respectful.—
辻褄を合せたがるつじつまをあわせるto make things consistent, make everything add up; (〜たがる) to be keen to make everything add updictionary form: 辻褄を合わせる辻褄が合わない = 'doesn't add up, is inconsistent'.—
浅薄せんぱくshallow, superficialOf thinking or knowledge; the opposite is 深遠 (しんえん).—
最期さいごone's last moments, deathSame sound as 最後 'last', but 最期 refers only to the end of a life.—
見当がつかないけんとうがつくto be able to guess; (neg.) to have no ideadictionary form: 見当がつく一向 + negative = 'not at all'.—
混同こんどうするto confuse (one thing with another), mix updictionary form: 混同するAとBを混同する = to confuse A with B.—
浮彫うきぼりrelief carvingdictionary form: 浮き彫りLiterally 'floating carving'. Figuratively 浮き彫りにする = to bring into relief, highlight.—
不滅ふめつimmortal, indestructible不 'not' + 滅 'perish'.—
蒙るこうむるto suffer (damage, misfortune); to receiveCommonly 被る; e.g. 被害を被る 'to suffer damage'.—
こき使われるこきつかうto work someone hard, slave-drivedictionary form: こき使うHere passive: 'to be worked to the bone'.—
中ったあたるto be poisoned or affected by (something harmful)dictionary form: 中るAs in 食中毒 or 毒に中る; usually written 当たる today.N3

Grammar

〜からず N1 classical negative of an い-adjective: 'not ~'

軽からず is the literary equivalent of 軽くない. The physician judged that the illness was 'not light', i.e. serious.

この病軽からずと見て

judging that this illness was no light matter

〜ともあろうものが N1 someone of such standing as ~ (should not do such a thing)

Attached to a person of high rank or status, it stresses that their behaviour is unworthy of them. Here the young men argue that a goddess like Ereshkigal could hardly be so easily fooled.

エレシュキガル神ともあろうものが、あんな子供瞞しの計に欺かれるはずがあるか

how could a goddess of Ereshkigal's standing possibly be fooled by such a childish trick?

〜というものもあれば、〜というものもある N2 some say ~, and others say ~

〜もあれば〜もある sets two contrasting possibilities side by side. Here it presents conflicting accounts of the Babylonian king's final days.

言語に絶した淫蕩の生活を送ったというものもあれば、毎日ひたすら潔斎してシャマシュ神に祈り続けたというものもある

some say he led a life of unspeakable debauchery, while others say that every day he purified himself and prayed without ceasing to the god Shamash

〜となると N2 once ~ happens; when it comes to ~

It introduces a condition from which a strong consequence follows. Once the letter-spirits capture something in writing, it becomes immortal.

これを己の姿で現すとなると、その事柄はもはや、不滅の生命を得るのじゃ

once they express it in their own shapes, that thing gains a life that can never die

〜ねばならぬ N2 must ~ (literary)

This is the old-fashioned form of 〜なければならない, with ぬ as the classical negative. It gives the old scholar's pronouncement a solemn, archaic ring.

いかなるものも、その存在を失わねばならぬ

anything at all must lose its existence

〜ばこそ N1 precisely because ~; only because ~

The conditional ば plus emphatic こそ singles out the one true reason. The scholar insists that these omens hold only because they are written in the old books.

皆、古書に文字として誌されてあればこそじゃ

all of it is so only because it stands written in letters in the ancient books