Cover of 羅生門 (Rashōmon)

Part 1 of 4 · JLPT N2

羅生門 Rashōmon, part 1: A Servant Waits Beneath the Ruined Gate

by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke · 1,572 characters · from Beneath the Rashōmon

In this part

On a rainy evening, a servant recently dismissed by his master shelters alone beneath the Rashōmon. Two or three years of calamities have ruined the capital, and the gate has become a place where foxes and thieves live, crows gather, and unclaimed corpses are dumped. With nowhere to go, he reasons that if he is not choosy he must become a thief, but he cannot yet find the courage to accept it.

AI translation · independently checked

ある日ひの暮方くれがたの事ことである。It happened one day, toward evening.

一人ひとりの下人げにんが、羅生門らしょうもんの下もとで雨あめやみを待まっていた。A servant was waiting for the rain to stop at the foot of the Rashōmon.

広ひろい門もんの下したには、この男おとこのほかに誰だれもいない。Under the wide gate there was no one but this man.

ただ、所々ところどころ丹塗にぬりの剥はげた、大おおきな円柱まるばしらに、蟋蟀きりぎりすが一匹いっぴきとまっている。There was only a single cricket clinging to a great round pillar whose red lacquer had peeled away in places.

羅生門らしょうもんが、朱雀大路すざくおおじにある以上いじょうは、この男おとこのほかにも、雨あめやみをする市女笠いちめがさや揉烏帽子もみえぼしが、もう二三にさん人にんはありそうなものである。Since the Rashōmon stood on Suzaku Ōji, one would have expected two or three others to be sheltering from the rain besides this man, a woman in a broad sedge hat, perhaps, or a man in a soft crumpled eboshi cap.

それが、この男おとこのほかには誰だれもいない。Yet there was no one here but him.

何故なぜかと云いうと、この二三にさん年ねん、京都きょうとには、地震じしんとか辻風つじかぜとか火事かじとか饑饉ききんとか云いう災わざわいがつづいて起おこった。The reason was this: for the past two or three years, one calamity after another had struck Kyōto, earthquakes, whirlwinds, fires and famine.

そこで洛中らくちゅうのさびれ方かたは一通ひととおりではない。As a result, the decay of Rakuchū was no ordinary thing.

旧記きゅうきによると、仏像ぶつぞうや仏具ぶつぐを打砕うちくだいて、その丹にがついたり、金銀きんぎんの箔はくがついたりした木きを、路みちばたにつみ重かさねて、薪たきぎの料しろに売うっていたと云いう事ことである。According to the old records, people smashed Buddhist statues and altar fittings, piled up the wood, still coated with red paint or gold and silver leaf, by the roadside, and sold it as firewood.

洛中らくちゅうがその始末しまつであるから、羅生門らしょうもんの修理しゅうりなどは、元もとより誰だれも捨すてて顧かえりみる者ものがなかった。With Rakuchū in such a state, it goes without saying that no one gave a thought to repairing the Rashōmon; it was simply abandoned.

するとその荒あれ果はてたのをよい事ことにして、狐狸こりが棲すむ。Then, taking advantage of its ruin, foxes and badgers came to live there.

盗人ぬすびとが棲すむ。Thieves came to live there.

とうとうしまいには、引取ひきとり手てのない死人しにんを、この門もんへ持もって来きて、棄すてて行いくと云いう習慣しゅうかんさえ出来できた。In the end, a custom even arose of carrying the bodies of the dead whom no one would claim to this gate and leaving them there.

そこで、日ひの目めが見みえなくなると、誰だれでも気味きみを悪わるがって、この門もんの近所きんじょへは足あしぶみをしない事ことになってしまったのである。And so, once darkness fell, everyone felt uneasy, and it came about that no one would set foot anywhere near the gate.

その代かわりまた鴉からすがどこからか、たくさん集つどって来きた。In their place, crows gathered in great numbers from who knows where.

昼間ひるま見みると、その鴉からすが何羽なんばとなく輪わを描えがいて、高たかい鴟尾しびのまわりを啼なきながら、飛とびまわっている。In the daytime you could see countless crows circling and cawing as they flew around the high ridge-end ornaments of the roof.

ことに門もんの上うえの空そらが、夕焼ゆうやけであかくなる時ときには、それが胡麻ごまをまいたようにはっきり見みえた。Especially when the sky above the gate turned red with the sunset, they stood out clearly, like scattered sesame seeds.

鴉からすは、勿論もちろん、門もんの上うえにある死人しにんの肉にくを、啄ついばみに来くるのである。The crows, of course, came to peck at the flesh of the dead bodies lying up in the gate.

――もっとも今日きょうは、刻限こくげんが遅おそいせいか、一羽いちわも見みえない。Today, however, perhaps because the hour was late, not a single one could be seen.

ただ、所々ところどころ、崩くずれかかった、そうしてその崩くずれ目めに長ながい草くさのはえた石段いしだんの上うえに、鴉からすの糞ふんが、点々てんてんと白しろくこびりついているのが見みえる。All that could be seen was crow droppings, clinging in white specks to the stone steps, which were crumbling here and there, with tall grass growing in the cracks.

下人げにんは七なな段だんある石段いしだんの一番いちばん上うえの段だんに、洗あらいざらした紺こんの襖あおの尻しりを据すえて、右みぎの頬ほおに出来できた、大おおきな面皰にきびを気きにしながら、ぼんやり、雨あめのふるのを眺ながめていた。The servant sat on the top of the seven stone steps in his faded, much-washed dark blue robe, fretting over a large pimple that had come up on his right cheek, and gazing vacantly at the falling rain.

作者さくしゃはさっき、「下人げにんが雨あめやみを待まっていた」と書かいた。A little earlier, the author wrote, "A servant was waiting for the rain to stop."

しかし、下人げにんは雨あめがやんでも、格別かくべつどうしようと云いう当あてはない。But even when the rain stopped, the servant had no particular idea what he would do.

ふだんなら、勿論もちろん、主人しゅじんの家いえへ帰かえる可べき筈はずである。Ordinarily, of course, he would have been expected to return to his master's house.

所ところがその主人しゅじんからは、四五日しごにち前まえに暇ひまを出だされた。But four or five days before, that very master had dismissed him.

前まえにも書かいたように、当時とうじ京都きょうとの町まちは一通ひととおりならず衰微すいびしていた。As I wrote earlier, the city of Kyōto at that time had fallen into extraordinary decline.

今いまこの下人げにんが、永年えいねん、使つかわれていた主人しゅじんから、暇ひまを出だされたのも、実じつはこの衰微すいびの小ちいさな余波よはにほかならない。That this servant had now been dismissed by the master he had served for so many years was, in truth, nothing more than a small ripple of that decline.

だから「下人げにんが雨あめやみを待まっていた」と云いうよりも「雨あめにふりこめられた下人げにんが、行いき所どころがなくて、途方とほうにくれていた」と云いう方ほうが、適当てきとうである。So rather than say, "A servant was waiting for the rain to stop," it would be more fitting to say, "A servant, trapped by the rain, with nowhere to go, was at his wits' end."

その上うえ、今日きょうの空模様そらもようも少すくなからず、この平安へいあん朝ちょうの下人げにんの Sentimentalisme に影響えいきょうした。What is more, the look of the sky that day had no small effect on the Sentimentalisme of this servant of the Heian age.

申さるの刻こく下さがりからふり出だした雨あめは、いまだに上あがるけしきがない。The rain, which had begun a little past the Hour of the Monkey, still showed no sign of letting up.

そこで、下人げにんは、何なんをおいても差当さしあたり明日あすの暮くらしをどうにかしようとして――云いわばどうにもならない事ことを、どうにかしようとして、とりとめもない考かんがえをたどりながら、さっきから朱雀すざく大路おおじにふる雨あめの音おとを、聞きくともなく聞きいていたのである。So the servant, trying above all to do something, anything, about how he would live tomorrow, trying, in other words, to do something about what could not be helped, followed rambling thoughts that led nowhere, and for some time had been half listening to the sound of the rain falling on Suzaku Ōji.

雨あめは、羅生門らしょうもんをつつんで、遠とおくから、ざあっと云いう音おとをあつめて来くる。The rain wrapped itself around the Rashōmon and gathered its roaring sound in from far away.

夕闇ゆうやみは次第しだいに空そらを低ひくくして、見上みあげると、門もんの屋根やねが、斜ななめにつき出だした甍いらかの先さきに、重おもたくうす暗ぐらい雲くもを支ささえている。Dusk was gradually bringing the sky lower, and when he looked up, the roof of the gate was holding up heavy, dim clouds on the tips of its tiles, which jutted out at a slant.

どうにもならない事ことを、どうにかするためには、手段しゅだんを選えらんでいる遑いとまはない。To do something about what could not be helped, there was no time to be choosy about the means.

選えらんでいれば、築土ついじの下もとか、道みちばたの土つちの上うえで、饑死うえじにをするばかりである。If he were choosy, all that awaited him was to starve to death at the foot of some earthen wall or on the dirt by the roadside.

そうして、この門もんの上うえへ持もって来きて、犬いぬのように棄すてられてしまうばかりである。And then all that would remain was to be carried up into this gate and thrown away like a dog.

選えらばないとすれば――下人げにんの考かんがえは、何度なんども同おなじ道みちを低徊ていかいした揚句あげくに、やっとこの局所きょくしょへ逢着ほうちゃくした。If he were not choosy... the servant's thoughts, after wandering the same path again and again, had at last arrived at this point.

しかしこの「すれば」は、いつまでたっても、結局けっきょく「すれば」であった。But this "if" remained, however long he waited, only an "if".

下人げにんは、手段しゅだんを選えらばないという事ことを肯定こうていしながらも、この「すれば」のかたをつけるために、当然とうぜん、その後あとに来くる可べき「盗人ぬすびとになるよりほかに仕方しかたがない」と云いう事ことを、積極的せっきょくてきに肯定こうていするだけの、勇気ゆうきが出でずにいたのである。Though the servant accepted that he could not be choosy about the means, he could not find the courage to settle that "if" by firmly accepting what must naturally follow it: "There is nothing for it but to become a thief."

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
下人げにんservant, menial of low rankHistorical word for a low-ranking retainer in a noble household; the story's hero is never named.—
雨やみあまやみa break in the rain; sheltering until the rain stops雨やみを待つ and 雨やみをする both mean waiting out the rain under cover. Also read あめやみ.—
災わざわいcalamity, disasterdictionary form: 災いUsually written 災い today; 災害 (さいがい) is the everyday word.—
始末しまつ(bad) state of affairsIn その始末 it means 'such a sorry state'. It also means 'dealing with' something, as in 始末する.N1
顧るかえりみるto pay attention to, to care aboutdictionary form: 顧みるModern spelling 顧みる. Here the older okurigana 顧る is used.N1
気味を悪るがってきみわるがるto feel uneasy, to find something creepydictionary form: 気味悪がる〜がる turns a feeling adjective (気味が悪い) into a verb describing how others show that feeling.—
暇を出されたひまをだすto dismiss (a servant), to let godictionary form: 暇を出すOld expression; the passive 暇を出される means 'to be dismissed'.—
衰微すいびdecline, decayFormal literary word; 衰退 (すいたい) is more common today.—
当てあてaim, plan, something to count on当てがない means 'to have no plan or prospects'.N1
途方にくれていたとほうにくれるto be at a loss, to be at one's wits' enddictionary form: 途方に暮れるSet phrase; literally 'to be benighted on one's path'.—
手段しゅだんmeans, method手段を選ばない means 'to stop at nothing'.N3
饑死うえじにdeath by starvationdictionary form: 飢え死にToday usually written 飢え死に; 饑 is an old variant of 飢.—
盗人ぬすびとthiefOlder word for 泥棒 (どろぼう). Also read ぬすっと.—
肯定こうていaffirmation; accepting something as true or rightOpposite of 否定 (ひてい, denial).N2

Grammar

〜以上は N2 since, given that

Attached to a plain-form clause, 以上は states a fact and draws a natural conclusion or expectation from it. Here, because the gate stands on the main avenue, one would expect other people to be there.

羅生門が、朱雀大路にある以上は、この男のほかにも、雨やみをする市女笠や揉烏帽子が、もう二三人はありそうなものである。

Since the Rashōmon stood on Suzaku Ōji, one would have expected two or three others to be sheltering from the rain besides this man.

〜たり〜たりした N4 things such as ~ and ~; sometimes ~, sometimes ~

Lists representative examples. Here it describes the wood, some pieces with red paint on them and some with gold or silver leaf.

その丹がついたり、金銀の箔がついたりした木を

the wood, still coated with red paint or gold and silver leaf

〜にほかならない N2 is nothing other than, is none other than

A strong, formal way of saying 'X is precisely Y'. The narrator insists that the servant's dismissal is simply one small effect of the city's decline.

実はこの衰微の小さな余波にほかならない。

was, in truth, nothing more than a small ripple of that decline.

〜ともなく N1 without really meaning to ~; half-~

When the same verb appears in the pattern V-るともなくV, it describes doing something absent-mindedly. 聞くともなく聞く means hearing without really listening.

朱雀大路にふる雨の音を、聞くともなく聞いていたのである。

had been half listening to the sound of the rain falling on Suzaku Ōji.

〜ばかりである N2 nothing but ~ (awaits); all that is left is ~

After a dictionary-form verb, ばかりだ/である says that only one outcome remains, usually a bad one. The servant sees nothing ahead but starvation.

築土の下か、道ばたの土の上で、饑死をするばかりである。

all that awaited him was to starve to death at the foot of some earthen wall or on the dirt by the roadside.

〜よりほかに仕方がない N3 there is no choice but to ~

Dictionary form + よりほかに仕方がない (or よりほかない) means that every other option is ruled out. Here it expresses the conclusion the servant cannot yet bring himself to accept.

「盗人になるよりほかに仕方がない」

"There is nothing for it but to become a thief."