Cover of 羅生門 (Rashōmon)

Part 4 of 4 · JLPT N2

羅生門 Rashōmon, part 4: The Servant Makes His Choice

by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke · 1,301 characters · from Beneath the Rashōmon

In this part

The old woman explains that she pulls hair from the corpses to make wigs, and says the dead woman was a cheat who would forgive her because everyone must do something to survive. Hearing her reasoning, the servant finds the courage to become a thief: he strips the old woman of her robe, kicks her down among the corpses, and escapes into the night. The old woman crawls to the top of the ladder and peers down, but there is only darkness, and no one knows where the servant went.

AI translation · independently checked

「この髪かみを抜ぬいてな、この髪かみを抜ぬいてな、鬘かずらにしようと思おもうたのじゃ。」"I was pulling out this hair, you see, pulling out this hair, and I thought I'd make it into a wig."

下人げにんは、老婆ろうばの答こたえが存外ぞんがい、平凡へいぼんなのに失望しつぼうした。The servant was disappointed that the old woman's answer was, unexpectedly, so commonplace.

そうして失望しつぼうすると同時どうじに、また前まえの憎悪ぞうおが、冷ひややかな侮蔑ぶべつと一いっしょに、心こころの中なかへはいって来きた。And at the same moment as his disappointment, the hatred of before came back into his heart, together with a cold contempt.

すると、その気色けしきが、先方せんぽうへも通つうじたのであろう。Then, it seems, his feelings got through to the other party.

老婆ろうばは、片手かたてに、まだ死骸しがいの頭あたまから奪うばった長ながい抜ぬけ毛げを持もったなり、蟇ひきのつぶやくような声こえで、口くちごもりながら、こんな事ことを云いった。Still holding in one hand the long hairs she had snatched from the dead woman's head, the old woman mumbled the following, in a voice like the croaking of a toad.

「成程なるほどな、死人しにんの髪かみの毛けを抜ぬくと云いう事ことは、何なんぼう悪わるい事ことかも知しれぬ。じゃが、ここにいる死人しにんどもは、皆みな、そのくらいな事ことを、されてもいい人間にんげんばかりだぞよ。"True enough, pulling the hair from dead folk may be a wicked thing indeed. But these dead ones here, every one of them, they're all folk who deserve to have that much done to them.

現在げんざい、わしが今いま、髪かみを抜ぬいた女おんななどはな、蛇へびを四寸しすんばかりずつに切きって干ほしたのを、干魚ほしうおだと云いうて、太刀帯たてわきの陣じんへ売うりに往いんだわ。Why, the very woman whose hair I was pulling just now used to cut snakes into strips about four inches long, dry them, and go off to sell them at the guards' barracks, calling them dried fish.

疫病えやみにかかって死しななんだら、今いまでも売うりに往いんでいた事ことであろ。それもよ、この女おんなの売うる干魚ほしうおは、味あじがよいと云いうて、太刀帯たてわきどもが、欠かかさず菜料さいりょうに買かっていたそうな。If she hadn't caught the plague and died, she'd be off selling them even now, I'll wager. And what's more, they say the guards bought her dried fish for their meals without fail, because it tasted so good.

わしは、この女おんなのした事ことが悪わるいとは思おもうていぬ。せねば、饑死うえじにをするのじゃて、仕方しかたがなくした事ことであろ。I don't think what this woman did was wicked. If she hadn't done it, she'd have starved to death, so she did it because there was nothing else for it.

されば、今いままた、わしのしていた事ことも悪わるい事こととは思おもわぬぞよ。これとてもやはりせねば、饑死うえじにをするじゃて、仕方しかたがなくする事ことじゃわいの。And so I don't think what I was doing just now is wicked either. This too, if I don't do it, I'll starve to death, so I do it because there's nothing else for it.

じゃて、その仕方しかたがない事ことを、よく知しっていたこの女おんなは、大方おおかたわしのする事ことも大目おおめに見みてくれるであろ。」So this woman, who knew full well how there's nothing else for it, will most likely turn a blind eye to what I do."

老婆ろうばは、大体だいたいこんな意味いみの事ことを云いった。That was roughly the sense of what the old woman said.

下人げにんは、太刀たちを鞘さやにおさめて、その太刀たちの柄つかを左ひだりの手てでおさえながら、冷然れいぜんとして、この話はなしを聞きいていた。The servant had returned his sword to its scabbard and, pressing on its hilt with his left hand, listened to her story coldly.

勿論もちろん、右みぎの手てでは、赤あかく頬ほおに膿うみを持もった大おおきな面皰にきびを気きにしながら、聞きいているのである。All the while, of course, his right hand was fretting at the large pimple on his cheek, red and full of pus, as he listened.

しかし、これを聞きいている中うちに、下人げにんの心こころには、ある勇気ゆうきが生うまれて来きた。But as he listened, a certain courage was born in the servant's heart.

それは、さっき門もんの下したで、この男おとこには欠かけていた勇気ゆうきである。It was the courage this man had lacked a little earlier, beneath the gate.

そうして、またさっきこの門もんの上うえへ上のぼって、この老婆ろうばを捕とらえた時ときの勇気ゆうきとは、全然ぜんぜん、反対はんたいな方向ほうこうに動うごこうとする勇気ゆうきである。And it was a courage that sought to move in the exact opposite direction from the courage he had felt a little earlier, when he climbed to the top of this gate and seized the old woman.

下人げにんは、饑死うえじにをするか盗人ぬすびとになるかに、迷まよわなかったばかりではない。It was not merely that the servant no longer hesitated between starving to death and becoming a thief.

その時ときのこの男おとこの心こころもちから云いえば、饑死うえじになどと云いう事ことは、ほとんど、考かんがえる事ことさえ出来できないほど、意識いしきの外そとに追おい出だされていた。As for this man's state of mind at that moment, the very idea of starving to death had been driven so far out of his awareness that he could scarcely even think of it.

「きっと、そうか。」"You're sure of that, are you?"

老婆ろうばの話はなしが完おわると、下人げにんは嘲あざけるような声こえで念ねんを押おした。When the old woman's story was finished, the servant pressed her for confirmation in a mocking voice.

そうして、一足ひとあし前まえへ出でると、不意ふいに右みぎの手てを面皰にきびから離はなして、老婆ろうばの襟上えりがみをつかみながら、噛かみつくようにこう云いった。Then he took a step forward, suddenly pulled his right hand away from the pimple, seized the old woman by the collar, and snarled these words as if he would bite her:

「では、己おれが引剥ひはぎをしようと恨うらむまいな。己おのれもそうしなければ、饑死うえじにをする体からだなのだ。」"Then you won't hold it against me if I strip you. I'm a man who'll starve to death too, unless I do the same."

下人げにんは、すばやく、老婆ろうばの着物きものを剥はぎとった。Swiftly, the servant tore the robe off the old woman.

それから、足あしにしがみつこうとする老婆ろうばを、手荒てあらく死骸しがいの上うえへ蹴倒けたおした。Then, as she tried to cling to his legs, he roughly kicked her down onto the corpses.

梯子はしごの口くちまでは、僅わずかに五ご歩ほを数かぞえるばかりである。It was barely five paces to the top of the ladder.

下人げにんは、剥はぎとった檜皮色ひわだいろの着物きものをわきにかかえて、またたく間まに急きゅうな梯子はしごを夜よるの底そこへかけ下おりた。With the stripped, bark-brown robe tucked under his arm, the servant ran down the steep ladder into the depths of the night in the blink of an eye.

しばらく、死しんだように倒たおれていた老婆ろうばが、死骸しがいの中なかから、その裸はだかの体からだを起おこしたのは、それから間まもなくの事ことである。It was not long afterward that the old woman, who had lain for a while as though dead, raised her naked body from among the corpses.

老婆ろうばはつぶやくような、うめくような声こえを立たてながら、まだ燃もえている火ひの光ひかりをたよりに、梯子はしごの口くちまで、這はって行いった。Letting out a sound somewhere between a mutter and a moan, she crawled to the top of the ladder by the light of the still-burning fire.

そうして、そこから、短みじかい白髪しらがを倒さかさまにして、門もんの下したを覗のぞきこんだ。And from there, her short white hair hanging upside down, she peered below the gate.

外そとには、ただ、黒洞々こくとうとうたる夜よるがあるばかりである。Outside there was nothing but the night, black as a bottomless pit.

下人げにんの行方ゆくえは、誰だれも知しらない。No one knows where the servant went.

(大正たいしょう四よ年ねん九く月がつ)(September 1915)

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
鬘かずらwig; hairpieceOld word; modern Japanese usually says かつら.—
存外ぞんがいunexpectedly; contrary to expectationLiterary synonym of 意外に / 思いのほか.—
侮蔑ぶべつcontempt; scornStronger and more literary than 軽蔑.—
口ごもりながらくちごもるto mumble; to speak indistinctlydictionary form: 口ごもる—
疫病えやみplague; epidemicえやみ is an old native reading; the modern reading is えきびょう.—
饑死うえじにdeath by starvationUsually written 飢え死に today; 餓死 (がし) is the Sino-Japanese equivalent.—
大目に見ておおめにみるto overlook; to let something passdictionary form: 大目に見るIdiom: to judge leniently, to turn a blind eye.—
冷然れいぜんcoldly; with indifference〜として makes it an adverb: 冷然として.—
面皰にきびpimpleUsually written in kana today; the servant's pimple is a recurring detail in the story.N1
盗人ぬすびとthiefOld-fashioned; modern Japanese uses 泥棒 or ぬすっと.—
念を押したねんをおすto make sure; to press for confirmationdictionary form: 念を押す—
引剥ひはぎhighway robbery by stripping victims of their clothesHistorical term; 追い剥ぎ is the more familiar word.—
手荒くてあらいrough; violent (in handling)dictionary form: 手荒い—
行方ゆくえwhereabouts; where someone has goneIrregular reading; compare 行方不明 (missing).—

Grammar

〜たなり N1 while still ~; remaining in the state of having ~

After a past verb, なり means the state continues unchanged while something else happens. Here the old woman is still gripping the hairs as she speaks.

まだ死骸の頭から奪った長い抜け毛を持ったなり

still holding the long hairs she had snatched from the dead woman's head

〜なんだら N1 if (one) had not ~

なんだ is an old or dialect past negative, equivalent to modern なかった, so 死ななんだら means 死ななかったら. It marks the old woman's rustic, old-fashioned speech.

疫病にかかって死ななんだら、今でも売りに往んでいた事であろ。

If she hadn't caught the plague and died, she'd be off selling them even now, I'll wager.

〜ねば N2 if (one) does not ~

ねば is the literary conditional of the negative ぬ, meaning the same as なければ. せねば is the form for する: 'if one doesn't do it'.

せねば、饑死をするのじゃて

if she hadn't done it, she'd have starved to death

〜ばかりではない N3 it is not only that ~

This introduces a point and signals that something stronger follows. The next sentence goes further: starvation had vanished from his mind altogether.

饑死をするか盗人になるかに、迷わなかったばかりではない。

It was not merely that he no longer hesitated between starving to death and becoming a thief.

〜まい N2 surely will not ~; probably won't ~

まい is a negative volitional or conjecture ending. Combined with the sentence-final な, it pushes the old woman to agree: 'you won't hold a grudge, will you?'

では、己が引剥をしようと恨むまいな。

Then you won't hold it against me if I strip you.

〜たる N1 attributive form of literary たり: 'which is ~'

Kanbun-style descriptive words take たる before a noun where modern Japanese would use な or とした. 黒洞々たる夜 is a solemn way of saying a night that is pitch-black and cavernous.

外には、ただ、黒洞々たる夜があるばかりである。

Outside there was nothing but the night, black as a bottomless pit.