Cover of 山月記 (Sangetsuki)

Part 3 of 4 · JLPT N1

山月記 Sangetsuki, part 3: Poems from the Grass, a Tiger's Confession

by Nakajima Atsushi · 2,035 characters · from Moonset on the Mountain Road

In this part

Ri Chō asks En San to record the dozens of poems he can still recite. En San admires them but feels that something subtle is lacking. Ri Chō then self-mockingly recites an impromptu poem about his fate, confesses that his cowardly pride and arrogant shame were the beast within him that made him a tiger, and describes his anguish and lonely roaring at the moon.

AI translation · independently checked

袁傪えんさんはじめ一行いっこうは、息いきをのんで、叢中そうちゅうの声こえの語かたる不思議ふしぎに聞入ききいっていた。En San and all his party held their breath and listened intently to the strange tale the voice in the thicket was telling.

声こえは続つづけて言いう。The voice went on.

他ほかでもない。It is simply this.

自分じぶんは元来がんらい詩人しじんとして名なを成なす積つもりでいた。From the start I meant to make my name as a poet.

しかも、業ごう未いまだ成ならざるに、この運命うんめいに立至たちいたった。Yet before that work was done, I came to this fate.

曾かつて作つくるところの詩し数百篇すうひゃっぺん、固もとより、まだ世よに行おこなわれておらぬ。The several hundred poems I once wrote are, of course, still unknown to the world.

遺稿いこうの所在しょざいも最早もはや判わからなくなっていよう。By now even the whereabouts of my manuscripts must be lost.

ところで、その中なか、今いまも尚なお記誦きしょうせるものが数十すうじゅうある。But among them there are some dozens that I can still recite from memory.

これを我わが為ために伝でん録ろくして戴いただきたいのだ。I would like you to write these down and pass them on for my sake.

何なんも、これに仍よって一人前いちにんまえの詩人しじん面づらをしたいのではない。It is not at all that I wish to pass myself off as a full-fledged poet on the strength of them.

作さくの巧拙こうせつは知しらず、とにかく、産さんを破やぶり心こころを狂くるわせてまで自分じぶんが生涯しょうがいそれに執着しゅうちゃくしたところのものを、一部いちぶなりとも後代こうだいに伝つたえないでは、死しんでも死しに切きれないのだ。Whether the work is good or poor I cannot say, but this is the thing I clung to all my life, even to the ruin of my fortune and my reason, and unless I can hand down at least a part of it to later ages, I cannot die in peace.

袁傪えんさんは部下ぶかに命めいじ、筆ふでを執とって叢中そうちゅうの声こえに随したがって書かきとらせた。En San gave orders to one of his men, who took up a brush and wrote as the voice in the thicket dictated.

李徴りちょうの声こえは叢くさむらの中なかから朗々ろうろうと響ひびいた。Ri Chō's voice rang out clear and full from within the grass.

長ちょう短たん凡およそ三十篇さんじっぺん、格調かくちょう高雅こうが、意趣いしゅ卓たく逸いつ、一読いちどくして作者さくしゃの才さいの非凡ひぼんを思おもわせるものばかりである。There were some thirty poems, long and short, lofty and refined in style, remarkable in conception, every one of them making plain at a single reading that their author's gift was out of the ordinary.

しかし、袁傪えんさんは感嘆かんたんしながらも漠然ばくぜんと次つぎのように感かんじていた。Yet even as he admired them, En San had a vague feeling of the following kind.

成程なるほど、作者さくしゃの素質そしつが第だい一いち流りゅうに属ぞくするものであることは疑うたがいない。Certainly there was no doubt that the author's talent was of the very first rank.

しかし、このままでは、第だい一流いちりゅうの作品さくひんとなるのには、何処どこか(非常ひじょうに微妙びみょうな点てんに於おいて)欠かけるところがあるのではないか、と。Still, as they stood, was there not something lacking somewhere (in some extremely subtle point) that kept them from becoming works of the first rank?

旧詩きゅうしを吐はき終おわった李徴りちょうの声こえは、突然とつぜん調子ちょうしを変かえ、自みずからを嘲あざけるか如ごとくに言いった。When he had finished pouring out his old poems, Ri Chō's voice suddenly changed its tone, and he spoke as if mocking himself.

羞はずかしいことだが、今いまでも、こんなあさましい身みと成なり果はてた今いまでも、己おれは、己おのれの詩集ししゅうが長安ちょうあん風流ふうりゅう人士じんしの机つくえの上うえに置おかれている様さまを、夢ゆめに見みることがあるのだ。It is shameful to admit, but even now, even now that I have sunk into this wretched form, I sometimes dream of my collected poems lying on the desks of the men of taste in Chōan.

岩窟がんくつの中なかに横よこたわって見みる夢ゆめにだよ。It is in dreams I have while lying in a cave among the rocks, you know.

嗤わらってくれ。Laugh at me.

詩人しじんに成なりそこなって虎とらになった哀あわれな男おとこを。At this pitiful man who failed to become a poet and became a tiger instead.

(袁傪えんさんは昔むかしの青年せいねん李徴りちょうの自嘲癖じちょうへきを思出おもいだしながら、哀かなしく聞きいていた。)そうだ。(En San listened sadly, remembering young Ri Chō's old habit of mocking himself.) Yes.

お笑わらい草ぐさついでに、今いまの懐おもいを即席そくせきの詩しに述のべて見みようか。While I am making a laughingstock of myself, shall I try to put my present feelings into a poem on the spot?

この虎とらの中なかに、まだ、曾かつての李徴りちょうが生いきているしるしに。As a sign that the Ri Chō of old still lives inside this tiger.

袁傪えんさんは又また下吏かりに命めいじてこれを書かきとらせた。Again En San ordered his clerk to write it down.

その詩しに言いう。The poem ran as follows.

偶因ぐういん狂疾きょうしつ成せい殊類しゅるい 災さい患かん相そう仍じょう不可ふか逃とうBy chance, through a fit of madness, I became a creature of another kind; calamity upon calamity, and no way to escape.

今日こんにち爪牙そうが誰すい敢敵かんてき 当時とうじ声跡せいせき共きょう相高そうこうToday, who would dare to face my claws and fangs? In those days your name and mine stood equally high.

我が為い異物いぶつ蓬茅ほうぼう下か 君くん已乗いじょう軺気ようき勢せい豪ごうI have become a strange beast beneath the tangled weeds, while you already ride the envoy's carriage in high estate.

此し夕せき渓けい山対さんたい明月めいげつ 不成ふせい長嘯ちょうしょう但成たんせい嘷こうTonight, facing the bright moon over valley and mountain, I cannot chant a long song, but only howl.

時ときに、残月ざんげつ、光ひかり冷ひややかに、白露はくろは地ちに滋しげく、樹間じゅかんを渡わたる冷風れいふうは既すでに暁あかつきの近ちかきを告つげていた。By then the setting moon shone cold, white dew lay thick on the ground, and the chill wind passing through the trees already announced that dawn was near.

人々ひとびとは最早もはや、事ことの奇異きいを忘わすれ、粛然しゅくぜんとして、この詩人しじんの薄倖はっこうを嘆たんじた。The men no longer thought how strange it all was; in solemn silence they grieved over the poet's ill fortune.

李徴りちょうの声こえは再ふたたび続つづける。Ri Chō's voice went on again.

何故なぜこんな運命うんめいになったか判わからぬと、先刻せんこくは言いったが、しかし、考かんがえように依よれば、思おもい当あたることが全然ぜんぜんないでもない。A while ago I said I did not know why this fate had come to me, but, if I think about it, I am not entirely without some idea.

人間にんげんであった時とき、己おれは努つとめて人ひととの交まじわりを避さけた。When I was a man, I deliberately avoided the company of others.

人々ひとびとは己おれを倨傲きょごうだ、尊大そんだいだといった。People called me arrogant and haughty.

実じつは、それが殆ほとんど羞恥心しゅうちしんに近ちかいものであることを、人々ひとびとは知しらなかった。They did not know that in truth it was something very close to shame.

勿論もちろん、曾かつての郷党きょうとうの鬼才きさいといわれた自分じぶんに、自尊心じそんしんが無なかったとは云いわない。Of course, I will not say that I, once called the prodigy of my home district, had no pride.

しかし、それは臆病おくびょうな自尊心じそんしんとでもいうべきものであった。But it was what one might call a cowardly pride.

己おれは詩しによって名なを成なそうと思おもいながら、進すすんで師しに就ついたり、求もとめて詩友しゆうと交まじわって切磋琢磨せっさたくまに努つとめたりすることをしなかった。Though I meant to make my name through poetry, I never took it upon myself to study under a master, nor did I seek out fellow poets to work at polishing one another's craft.

かといって、又また、己おれは俗物ぞくぶつの間あいだに伍ごすることも潔いさぎよしとしなかった。Yet at the same time I could not bring myself to stand among the common herd either.

共ともに、我わが臆病おくびょうな自尊心じそんしんと、尊大そんだいな羞恥心しゅうちしんとの所為せいである。Both were the fault of my cowardly pride and my arrogant shame.

己おれの珠たまに非あらざることを惧おそれるが故ゆえに、敢あえて刻苦こっくして磨みがこうともせず、又また、己おのれの珠たまなるべきを半なかば信しんずるが故ゆえに、碌々ろくろくとして瓦かわらに伍ごすることも出来できなかった。Because I feared I might not be a jewel, I would not labour hard to polish myself; and because I half believed I must be a jewel, I could not bear to take my place idly among the common tiles.

己おれは次第しだいに世よと離はなれ、人ひとと遠とおざかり、憤悶ふんもんと慙恚ざんいとによって益々ますます己おのれの内うちなる臆病おくびょうな自尊心じそんしんを飼かいふとらせる結果けっかになった。Little by little I drew away from the world and kept apart from people, and the result was that, through resentment and shamed anger, I fed the cowardly pride within me ever fatter.

人間にんげんは誰だれでも猛獣もうじゅう使つかいであり、その猛獣もうじゅうに当あたるのが、各人かくじんの性情せいじょうだという。They say every man is a tamer of wild beasts, and the beast in each case is his own nature.

己おれの場合ばあい、この尊大そんだいな羞恥心しゅうちしんが猛獣もうじゅうだった。In my case, this arrogant shame was the beast.

虎とらだったのだ。It was a tiger.

これが己おれを損そこない、妻子さいしを苦くるしめ、友人ゆうじんを傷きずつけ、果はては、己おのれの外形がいけいをかくの如ごとく、内心ないしんにふさわしいものに変かえて了しまったのだ。It ruined me, made my wife and child suffer, wounded my friends, and in the end changed my outward shape into this, to match what was within.

今いま思おもえば、全まったく、己おれは、己おのれの有もっていた僅わずかばかりの才能さいのうを空費くうひして了しまった訳わけだ。When I think of it now, I have utterly wasted what little talent I had.

人生じんせいは何事なにごとをも為なさぬには余あまりに長ながいが、何事なにごとかを為なすには余あまりに短みじかいなどと口先くちさきばかりの警句けいくを弄ろうしながら、事実じじつは、才能さいのうの不足ふそくを暴露ばくろするかも知しれないとの卑怯ひきょうな危惧きぐと、刻苦こっくを厭いとう怠惰たいだとが己おれの凡すべてだったのだ。I would toy with glib aphorisms such as 'Life is too long to do nothing, yet too short to do anything,' but in truth a coward's dread that I might expose my lack of talent, and a sloth that shrank from hard work, were all there was to me.

己おれよりも遥はるかに乏とぼしい才能さいのうでありながら、それを専一せんいつに磨みがいたがために、堂々どうどうたる詩家しかとなった者ものが幾いくらでもいるのだ。There are any number of men with far less talent than mine who, because they polished it single-mindedly, became poets of true standing.

虎とらと成なり果はてた今いま、己おれは漸ようやくそれに気きが付ついた。Only now, having sunk to being a tiger, have I finally realised it.

それを思おもうと、己おれは今いまも胸むねを灼やかれるような悔かいを感かんじる。When I think of it, even now I feel a remorse as though my heart were being scorched.

己おれには最早もはや人間にんげんとしての生活せいかつは出来できない。I can no longer live a human life.

たとえ、今いま、己おのが頭あたまの中なかで、どんな優すぐれた詩しを作つくったにしたところで、どういう手段しゅだんで発表はっぴょうできよう。Even if I were now to compose the finest poem in my head, by what means could I make it known?

まして、己おれの頭あたまは日毎ひごとに虎とらに近ちかづいて行いく。What is more, my mind draws closer to a tiger's with every day.

どうすればいいのだ。What am I to do?

己おれの空費くうひされた過去かこは?And my wasted past?

己おれは堪たまらなくなる。I cannot bear it.

そういう時とき、己おれは、向むこうの山やまの頂いただきの巖いわに上のぼり、空谷くうこくに向むかって吼ほえる。At such times I climb the rocks on the summit of the mountain over there and roar into the empty valley.

この胸むねを灼やく悲かなしみを誰だれかに訴うったえたいのだ。I want to pour out to someone this grief that burns my heart.

己おれは昨夕さくゆうも、彼処あそこで月つきに向むかって咆ほえた。Last night too I roared at the moon from up there.

誰だれかにこの苦くるしみが分わかって貰もらえないかと。Hoping someone might understand this suffering.

しかし、獣けものどもは己おれの声こえを聞きいて、唯ただ、懼おそれ、ひれ伏ふすばかり。But the beasts, hearing my voice, only cower in fear and prostrate themselves.

山やまも樹きも月つきも露つゆも、一匹いっぴきの虎とらが怒いかり狂くるって、哮たけっているとしか考かんがえない。The mountains, the trees, the moon and the dew think only that a tiger is raging and roaring in fury.

天てんに躍おどり地ちに伏ふして嘆なげいても、誰だれ一人ひとり己おれの気持きもちを分わかってくれる者ものはない。Though I leap toward heaven and throw myself upon the earth in lament, there is not a single one who understands how I feel.

ちょうど、人間にんげんだった頃ころ、己おれの傷きずつき易やすい内心ないしんを誰だれも理解りかいしてくれなかったように。Just as, when I was a man, no one understood my easily wounded heart.

己おれの毛皮けがわの濡ぬれたのは、夜露よつゆのためばかりではない。It is not only the night dew that has wet my fur.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
息をのんでいきをのむto hold one's breath (in suspense or amazement)dictionary form: 息をのむLiterally 'to swallow one's breath'. Often written 息を呑む.—
名を成すなをなすto make a name for oneself, to become famousA key phrase for Ri Chō's ambition. It returns in his confession.—
執着しゅうちゃくattachment, clinging obsessionUsed as 〜に執着する, 'to cling to'. It has a slightly negative, obsessive nuance.N1
成り果てたなりはてるto end up as, to sink to (a wretched state)dictionary form: 成り果てる果てる adds the sense of reaching a bad final state.—
自嘲癖じちょうへきhabit of mocking oneself自嘲 means self-mockery, and 癖 means habit. The same kanji 癖 is read くせ on its own.—
薄倖はっこうmisfortune, ill fateLiterary. Also written 薄幸.—
倨傲きょごうarrogant, haughtyA rare literary word. 尊大, which follows it, means almost the same thing.—
羞恥心しゅうちしんsense of shamePaired with 自尊心 (pride) in the story's central phrases 臆病な自尊心 and 尊大な羞恥心.—
臆病おくびょうcowardly, timidA な-adjective.N1
切磋琢磨せっさたくまpolishing one's skills together with others; mutual improvementA four-character idiom from cutting and polishing jade and bone.—
潔しとしなかったいさぎよしとする(negative) to refuse out of pride; to be unable to bring oneself todictionary form: 潔しとするAlmost always used in the negative: 〜を潔しとしない.—
刻苦こっくhard toil, painstaking effortLiterary. Compare the set phrase 刻苦勉励, 'diligent study'.—
空費くうひwaste, squanderingMade of 空 (empty) and 費 (spend). Used as 空費する.—
警句けいくaphorism, witty maxim警句を弄する means to toy with clever sayings.—

Grammar

〜ざる N1 classical negative (= 〜ない) modifying a noun or clause

ざる is the attributive form of the classical negative ず. Here 業未だ成らざるに means 'while the work was not yet accomplished'. The same form appears in 珠に非ざる, 'not being a jewel'.

業未だ成らざるに、この運命に立至った。

Before that work was done, I came to this fate.

〜ないでは…ない N2 unless one does X, one cannot…

The pattern 伝えないでは is followed by 死んでも死に切れない. Together they express that failing to do something makes the next thing impossible. 死に切れない means 'cannot die with peace of mind'.

一部なりとも後代に伝えないでは、死んでも死に切れないのだ。

Unless I hand down at least a part of it to later ages, I cannot die in peace.

〜ながらも N2 although, even while

Attached to a verb stem, ながらも shows contrast rather than simultaneous action. En San admires the poems, yet he still has doubts about them.

袁傪は感嘆しながらも漠然と次のように感じていた。

Even as he admired them, En San had a vague feeling of the following kind.

〜が故に N1 because of, on account of

A formal, literary way to give a reason. It is used here twice in parallel clauses to show how two opposite fears led to the same paralysis.

己の珠に非ざることを惧れるが故に、敢て刻苦して磨こうともせず

Because I feared I might not be a jewel, I would not labour hard to polish myself.

〜には余りに… N2 too … for (doing) X

The pattern [verb]には余りに[adjective] means something is excessively so for that purpose. Two contrasting clauses of this kind form the aphorism.

人生は何事をも為さぬには余りに長いが、何事かを為すには余りに短い

Life is too long to do nothing, yet too short to do anything.

たとえ〜にしたところで N1 even if (supposing that) …

This is a strong concessive meaning 'even supposing'. Here it is paired with a rhetorical question (できよう), which implies 'there is no way'.

どんな優れた詩を作ったにしたところで、どういう手段で発表できよう。

Even if I were to compose the finest poem, by what means could I make it known?