Cover of 桃太郎 (Momotarō)

Part 1 of 6 · JLPT N1

桃太郎(一) Momotarō, part 1: The Great Peach Tree Deep in the Mountains

by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke · 616 characters · from The Boy from the Peach

In this part

Deep in the mountains stands an enormous peach tree that, since the dawn of the world, has flowered and borne fruit once every ten thousand years, each peach carrying a beautiful baby where its stone should be. One lonely morning, Fate takes the form of a Yatagarasu and pecks one small peach loose, and it falls into a mountain stream far below. The stream carries it toward the land of humans, where, as every Japanese child knows, an old woman is washing clothes.

AI translation · independently checked

むかし、むかし、大おおむかし、ある深ふかい山やまの奥おくに大おおきい桃ももの木きが一本いっぽんあった。Long, long ago, in the very distant past, there stood a great peach tree deep within some remote mountains.

大おおきいとだけではいい足たりないかも知しれない。Perhaps merely calling it "great" does not say enough.

この桃ももの枝えだは雲くもの上うえにひろがり、この桃ももの根ねは大地だいちの底そこの黄泉よみの国くににさえ及およんでいた。The branches of this peach spread out above the clouds, and its roots reached down even to the Land of the Dead at the very bottom of the earth.

何なんでも天地てんち開闢かいびゃくの頃ころおい、伊弉諾いざなぎの尊みことは黄最津平阪よもつひらさかに八やっつの雷いかずちを却しりぞけるため、桃ももの実みを礫つぶてに打うったという、――その神代かみよの桃ももの実みはこの木きの枝えだになっていたのである。It is said that around the time when heaven and earth were first parted, Izanagi no Mikoto hurled peaches like stones at Yomotsu Hirasaka to drive back the eight thunders, and those peaches of the age of the gods had grown on the branches of this very tree.

この木きは世界せかいの夜明よあけ以来いらい、一万いちまん年ねんに一度いちど花はなを開ひらき、一万いちまん年ねんに一いち度ど実みをつけていた。Since the dawn of the world, this tree had flowered once every ten thousand years and borne fruit once every ten thousand years.

花はなは真紅しんくの衣蓋きぬがさに黄金おうごんの流蘇ふさを垂たらしたようである。Its blossoms looked like crimson canopies hung with tassels of gold.

実みは――実みもまた大おおきいのはいうを待またない。As for its fruit, it hardly needs saying that the fruit too was enormous.

が、それよりも不思議ふしぎなのはその実みは核さねのあるところに美うつくしい赤児あかごを一人ひとりずつ、おのずから孕はらんでいたことである。But stranger still, each peach, of its own accord, carried a beautiful baby where the stone should be.

むかし、むかし、大おおむかし、この木きは山谷やまたにを掩おおった枝えだに、累々るいるいと実みを綴つづったまま、静しずかに日ひの光ひかりに浴よくしていた。Long, long ago, in the very distant past, this tree basked quietly in the sunlight, its fruit strung thick along branches that overspread the mountains and valleys.

一万いちまん年ねんに一度いちど結むすんだ実みは一千年いっせんねんの間あいだは地ちへ落おちない。Fruit that set once every ten thousand years did not fall to the ground for a thousand years.

しかしある寂さびしい朝あさ、運命うんめいは一ひと羽わの八咫鴉やたがらすになり、さっとその枝えだへおろして来きた。But one lonely morning, Fate became a Yatagarasu and swooped down onto those branches.

と思おもうともう赤あかみのさした、小ちいさい実みを一ひとつ啄ついばみ落おとした。No sooner had it landed than it pecked loose one small fruit, already flushed with red.

実みは雲霧くもきりの立たち昇のぼる中なかに遥はるか下したの谷川たにがわへ落おちた。Amid rising clouds and mist, the fruit fell to a mountain stream far below.

谷川たにがわは勿論もちろん峯々みねみねの間あいだに白しろい水煙みずけぶりをなびかせながら、人間にんげんのいる国くにへ流ながれていたのである。The stream, of course, trailing white spray between the peaks, flowed on toward the land where humans live.

この赤児あかごを孕はらんだ実みは深ふかい山やまの奥おくを離はなれた後のち、どういう人ひとの手てに拾ひろわれたか?Once it had left the depths of those mountains, what sort of person picked up this fruit with a baby inside?

――それはいまさら話はなすまでもあるまい。There is surely no need to tell that story now.

谷川たにがわの末すえにはお婆ばあさんが一人ひとり、日本中にほんじゅうの子供こどもの知しっている通とおり、柴刈しばかりに行いったお爺じいさんの着物きものか何なんかを洗あらっていたのである。At the lower end of the stream, as every child in Japan knows, an old woman was washing the clothes, or something of the sort, of an old man who had gone off to gather firewood.

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Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
奥おくthe deep interior; the far depths (of mountains, a house, etc.)山の奥 is a set phrase for 'deep in the mountains'.N3
いい足りないいいたりないto fall short of saying enough; to understatedictionary form: 言い足りない言う + 足りない (be insufficient). Here 言う is written in kana as いい.—
及んでおよぶto reach; to extend (as far as)dictionary form: 及ぶFormal. Also common in the expression 〜に及ばない, 'there is no need to'.N1
却けるしりぞけるto drive back; to repeldictionary form: 退けるUsually written 退ける; 却 is an older spelling.N1
礫つぶてa thrown stone; a missile〜を礫に打つ means to throw something as if it were a stone.—
神代かみよthe age of the gods (mythical prehistory of Japan)—
孕んではらむto carry (a child) inside; to be pregnant withdictionary form: 孕むLiterary. Also used figuratively: 危険を孕む, 'to be fraught with danger'.—
赤児あかごa baby; an infantdictionary form: 赤子Old-fashioned; the everyday word is 赤ちゃん.—
累々るいるいin heaps; piled up thickly, one after anotherLiterary adverb, used with と.—
浴してよくするto bathe in; to bask in (light, favour)dictionary form: 浴するFormal equivalent of 浴びる.—
運命うんめいfate; destinyN1
啄みついばむto peck (as a bird does)dictionary form: 啄むHere combined with 落とす: 啄み落とす, 'to peck something so that it falls'.—
谷川たにがわa mountain stream; a river in a valleyRendaku: たに + かわ → たにがわ.—
柴刈りしばかりgathering brushwood for firewoodA key phrase from the traditional Momotarō tale: the old man goes to 柴刈り while the old woman washes clothes in the river.—

Grammar

〜かも知れない N4 may; might; perhaps

Attached to a plain form, it marks a possibility the speaker is unsure of. The narrator uses it to playfully hedge his own description.

大きいとだけではいい足りないかも知れない。

Perhaps merely calling it "great" does not say enough.

〜にさえ N3 even (to/at)

さえ stresses that something extends to an extreme or unexpected case. Here it follows the particle に to say the roots reached even as far as the underworld.

この桃の根は大地の底の黄泉の国にさえ及んでいた。

Its roots reached down even to the Land of the Dead at the very bottom of the earth.

〜ようである N4 looks like; is like

This is the written, de aru form of 〜ようだ, used for comparisons and resemblances. It follows a plain-form clause, here 〜を垂らした.

花は真紅の衣蓋に黄金の流蘇を垂らしたようである。

Its blossoms looked like crimson canopies hung with tassels of gold.

〜はいうを待たない N1 it goes without saying that…

This is a stiff literary set phrase meaning 'it need not wait to be said'. The modern equivalent is 〜は言うまでもない. Its solemnity adds to the mock-heroic tone.

実もまた大きいのはいうを待たない。

It hardly needs saying that the fruit too was enormous.

〜と思うと N2 no sooner than…; the moment that…

This pattern describes a second action that follows the first almost immediately. Here the sentence opens with と思うと, so the first action is the crow swooping down in the previous sentence.

と思うともう赤みのさした、小さい実を一つ啄み落した。

No sooner had it landed than it pecked loose one small fruit, already flushed with red.

〜までもあるまい N2 there is surely no need to…

〜までもない means 'there is no need to go so far as to…'. Replacing ない with the literary negative conjecture まい softens it to 'surely there is no need'.

それはいまさら話すまでもあるまい。

There is surely no need to tell that story now.