Cover of 高瀬舟 (Takasebune)

Part 1 of 6 · JLPT N2

高瀬舟 Takasebune, part 1: An Unusual Prisoner on the Takase Boat

by Mori Ōgai · 1,450 characters · from Night Boat on the Takase River

In this part

The narrator explains the Takase boat, which took Kyōto criminals sentenced to exile down to Ōsaka. Their relatives could ride with them, and the escorting constables often heard their sad stories. One spring evening, the constable Haneda Shōbē escorts Kisuke, a man with no relatives who has killed his younger brother, and is puzzled by his calm and humble manner.

AI translation · independently checked

高瀬舟たかせぶねは京都きょうとの高瀬川たかせがわを上下じょうげする小舟こぶねである。The Takase boat is a small boat that travels up and down the Takase River in Kyōto.

徳川とくがわ時代じだいに京都きょうとの罪人ざいにんが遠島えんとうを申もうし渡わたされると、本人ほんにんの親類しんるいが牢屋敷ろうやしきへ呼よび出だされて、そこで暇乞いとまごいをすることを許ゆるされた。In the Tokugawa period, when a criminal in Kyōto was sentenced to exile on a distant island, his relatives were summoned to the prison compound and allowed to take their leave of him there.

それから罪人ざいにんは高瀬舟たかせぶねに載のせられて、大阪おおさかへ回まわされることであった。After that, the criminal would be put aboard a Takase boat and sent on to Ōsaka.

それを護送ごそうするのは、京都きょうと町奉行まちぶぎょうの配下はいかにいる同心どうしんで、この同心どうしんは罪人ざいにんの親類しんるいの中なかで、おも立たった一人ひとりを大阪おおさかまで同船どうせんさせることを許ゆるす慣例かんれいであった。His escort was a constable serving under the Kyōto town magistrate. By custom, this constable allowed one of the chief relatives to travel with the criminal on the boat as far as Ōsaka.

これは上かみへ通かよった事ことではないが、いわゆる大目おおめに見みるのであった、黙許もっきょであった。This was not something sanctioned by those above. It was what is called turning a blind eye: a tacit permission.

当時とうじ遠島えんとうを申もうし渡わたされた罪人ざいにんは、もちろん重おもい科とがを犯おかしたものと認みとめられた人ひとではあるが、決けっして盗ぬすみをするために、人ひとを殺ころし火ひを放はなったというような、獰悪どうあくな人物じんぶつが多数たすうを占しめていたわけではない。The criminals sentenced to exile at that time had, of course, been judged guilty of grave offences. Even so, it was by no means the case that most of them were brutal men who had killed or set fires in order to steal.

高瀬舟たかせぶねに乗のる罪人ざいにんの過半かはんは、いわゆる心得こころえ違ちがいのために、思おもわぬ科とがを犯おかした人ひとであった。More than half of the criminals who rode the Takase boat were people who had committed an offence they never intended, through what one might call an error of judgement.

有ありふれた例れいをあげてみれば、当時とうじ相対死あいたいじにと言いった情死じょうしをはかって、相手あいての女おんなを殺ころして、自分じぶんだけ生いき残のこった男おとこというような類たぐいである。To give a common example, there was the sort of man who attempted a lovers' suicide, which in those days was called "dying together," killed the woman, and alone survived.

そういう罪人ざいにんを載のせて、入相いりあいの鐘かねの鳴なるころにこぎ出だされた高瀬舟たかせぶねは、黒くろずんだ京都きょうとの町まちの家々いえいえを両岸りょうがんに見みつつ、東ひがしへ走はしって、加茂川かもがわを横よこぎって下くだるのであった。Carrying such criminals, the Takase boat was rowed out at about the time the evening bell rang. With the darkened houses of Kyōto's streets on both banks, it ran east, crossed the Kamo River and went on downstream.

この舟ふねの中なかで、罪人ざいにんとその親類しんるいの者ものとは夜よどおし身みの上うえを語かたり合あう。Inside this boat, the criminal and his relative would talk all night long about their lot in life.

いつもいつも悔くやんでも返かえらぬ繰くり言ごとである。It was always the same useless lament, regret that could undo nothing.

護送ごそうの役やくをする同心どうしんは、そばでそれを聞きいて、罪人ざいにんを出だした親戚眷族しんせきけんぞくの悲惨ひさんな境遇きょうぐうを細こまかに知しることができた。The constable who served as escort listened close by, and so he could learn in detail the wretched circumstances of the family that had produced the criminal.

所詮しょせん町奉行まちぶぎょうの白州しらすで、表向おもてむきの口供こうきょうを聞きいたり、役所やくしょの机つくえの上うえで、口書くちがきを読よんだりする役人やくにんの夢ゆめにもうかがうことのできぬ境遇きょうぐうである。These were circumstances that officials could never glimpse, not even in their dreams. Such officials heard only formal testimony at the magistrate's white-sand court, or read written statements at their office desks.

同心どうしんを勤つとめる人ひとにも、いろいろの性質せいしつがあるから、この時ときただうるさいと思おもって、耳みみをおおいたく思おもう冷淡れいたんな同心どうしんがあるかと思おもえば、またしみじみと人ひとの哀あわれを身みに引ひき受うけて、役やくがらゆえ気色けしきには見みせぬながら、無言むごんのうちにひそかに胸むねを痛いためる同心どうしんもあった。Those who served as constables had all sorts of natures. There were cold-hearted ones who simply found it tiresome at such times and wished to cover their ears. There were also others who took people's sorrow deeply to heart. Their position kept them from showing it on their faces, but in silence they secretly ached inside.

場合ばあいによって非常ひじょうに悲惨ひさんな境遇きょうぐうに陥おちいった罪人ざいにんとその親類しんるいとを、特とくに心弱こころよわい、涙なみだもろい同心どうしんが宰領さいりょうしてゆくことになると、その同心どうしんは不覚ふかくの涙なみだを禁きんじ得えぬのであった。Sometimes a criminal and his relative who had fallen into truly pitiful circumstances were placed in the charge of a constable who was especially soft-hearted and easily moved. That constable could not hold back the tears that rose in spite of himself.

そこで高瀬舟たかせぶねの護送ごそうは、町まち奉行所ぶぎょうしょの同心どうしん仲間なかまで不快ふかいな職務しょくむとしてきらわれていた。For this reason, escorting the Takase boat was disliked among the constables of the town magistrate's office as an unpleasant duty.

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いつのころであったか。When was it?

たぶん江戸えどで白河楽翁侯しらかわらくおうこうが政柄せいへいを執とっていた寛政かんせいのころででもあっただろう。Perhaps it was in the Kansei era, when Lord Shirakawa Rakuō held the reins of government in Edo.

智恩院ちおんいんの桜さくらが入相いりあいの鐘かねに散ちる春はるの夕ゆうべに、これまで類るいのない、珍めずらしい罪人ざいにんが高瀬舟たかせぶねに載のせられた。On a spring evening, when the cherry blossoms of Chion-in were falling at the sound of the evening bell, a strange criminal unlike any before him was put aboard a Takase boat.

それは名なを喜助きすけと言いって、三十さんじゅう歳さいばかりになる、住所不定じゅうしょふじょうの男おとこである。He was a man named Kisuke, about thirty years old, with no fixed home.

もとより牢屋敷ろうやしきに呼よび出だされるような親類しんるいはないので、舟ふねにもただ一人ひとりで乗のった。Naturally he had no relatives to be summoned to the prison compound, so he boarded the boat entirely alone.

護送ごそうを命めいぜられて、いっしょに舟ふねに乗のり込こんだ同心どうしん羽田庄兵衛はねだしょうべえは、ただ喜助きすけが弟殺おとうとごろしの罪人ざいにんだということだけを聞きいていた。The constable Haneda Shōbē had been ordered to escort him and had boarded the boat with him. All he had been told was that Kisuke had killed his younger brother.

さて牢屋敷ろうやしきから棧橋さんばしまで連つれて来くる間あいだ、この痩肉やせじしの、色いろの青白あおじろい喜助きすけの様子ようすを見みるに、いかにも神妙しんびょうに、いかにもおとなしく、自分じぶんをば公儀こうぎの役人やくにんとして敬うやまって、何事なにごとにつけても逆さからわぬようにしている。Shōbē watched this thin, pale Kisuke on the way from the prison compound to the landing stage. Kisuke behaved most meekly and most quietly, respected Shōbē as an officer of the shogunate, and took care not to defy him in anything.

しかもそれが、罪人ざいにんの間あいだに往々おうおう見受みうけるような、温順おんじゅんを装よそおって権勢けんせいに媚こびる態度たいどではない。Moreover, it was not the manner often seen among criminals, who feign docility to curry favour with those in power.

庄兵衛しょうべえは不思議ふしぎに思おもった。Shōbē found this strange.

そして舟ふねに乗のってからも、単たんに役目やくめの表おもてで見張みはっているばかりでなく、絶たえず喜助きすけの挙動きょどうに、細こまかい注意ちゅういをしていた。And even after they had boarded the boat, he did not merely keep the watch his duty outwardly required. He paid close and constant attention to Kisuke's every movement.

その日ひは暮くれ方がたから風かぜがやんで、空そら一面いちめんをおおった薄うすい雲くもが、月つきの輪郭りんかくをかすませ、ようよう近寄ちかよって来くる夏なつの温あたたかさが、両岸りょうがんの土つちからも、川床かわどこの土つちからも、もやになって立たちのぼるかと思おもわれる夜よであった。That day the wind had dropped at dusk, and a thin layer of cloud covering the whole sky blurred the outline of the moon. It was a night when the warmth of the slowly approaching summer seemed to rise as mist from the soil of both banks and from the riverbed.

下京しもぎょうの町まちを離はなれて、加茂川かもがわを横よこぎったころからは、あたりがひっそりとして、ただ舳へさきにさかれる水みずのささやきを聞きくのみである。Once they had left the streets of Shimogyō behind and crossed the Kamo River, all around grew hushed. Nothing could be heard but the whisper of the water parted by the bow.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
遠島えんとうexile to a distant island (an Edo-period punishment)Literally 'far island'. Here it is used with 申し渡す, 'to sentence'.—
暇乞いいとまごいtaking one's leave; saying farewellOld-fashioned word. 暇 (いとま) means 'leave' or 'free time', and 乞う means 'to ask for'.—
同心どうしんconstable; a low-ranking Edo-period police officerConstables served under the town magistrate (町奉行).—
護送ごそうescorting a prisoner under guardStill used today, e.g. 護送車 'prison van'.—
大目に見るおおめにみるto overlook; to turn a blind eyeA common idiom for letting a small fault pass.—
科とがoffence; crime; faultOld-fashioned. In modern Japanese this kanji is usually read か, as in 科学.N1
心得違いこころえちがいerror of judgement; misguided actFrom 心得 'understanding' and 違い 'mistake'.—
相対死あいたいじにlovers' double suicide (Edo legal term)The official term for 心中 or 情死. A surviving partner was punished.—
入相いりあいsunset; dusk入相の鐘 is the temple bell rung at dusk.—
繰り言くりごとthe same complaint repeated over and over; lamentFrom 繰る 'to reel in, repeat'.—
白州しらすthe white-sand court of a magistrate, where suspects were triedNamed after the white gravel on which the accused sat.—
涙もろいなみだもろいeasily moved to tearsもろい means 'fragile'.—
神妙しんびょうmeek; docile; well-behavedOften said of someone accepting punishment quietly. Usually read しんみょう today.—
媚びるこびるto flatter; to curry favourHas a negative nuance of fawning.—

Grammar

〜わけではない N3 it is not the case that…

This pattern denies a conclusion the reader might naturally draw. With 決して it becomes emphatic: 'by no means'.

決して盗みをするために、人を殺し火を放ったというような、獰悪な人物が多数を占めていたわけではない。

It was by no means the case that most of them were brutal men who had killed or set fires in order to steal.

〜つつ N2 while doing…

Attached to the verb stem, つつ marks an action happening at the same time as the main one. It is a written, literary equivalent of 〜ながら.

黒ずんだ京都の町の家々を両岸に見つつ、東へ走って

with the darkened houses of Kyōto's streets on both banks, it ran east

〜かと思えば、また〜もある N2 there are some who…, and then again there are others who…

This pattern contrasts two opposite kinds of people or things side by side. Here it sets cold-hearted constables against compassionate ones.

耳をおおいたく思う冷淡な同心があるかと思えば、またしみじみと人の哀れを身に引き受けて

there were cold-hearted ones who wished to cover their ears, and also others who took people's sorrow deeply to heart

〜を禁じ得ない (禁じ得ぬ) N1 cannot help feeling…; cannot hold back…

This formal expression says that an emotion cannot be suppressed. 得ぬ uses the classical negative ぬ in place of modern ない.

その同心は不覚の涙を禁じ得ぬのであった。

That constable could not hold back the tears that rose in spite of himself.

〜ばかりでなく N2 not only…, but also…

The first clause states something expected, and the second adds something more. Here it is reinforced by 単に 'merely'.

単に役目の表で見張っているばかりでなく、絶えず喜助の挙動に、細かい注意をしていた。

He did not merely keep the watch his duty outwardly required; he paid close and constant attention to Kisuke's every movement.