
Part 5 of 7 · JLPT N1
悟浄歎異 Gojōtanni, part 5: The Strength Hidden in Sanzō's Weakness
In this part
Gojō reflects that Gokū's terror at being subdued by the Buddha, and his five hundred years under Mount Gogyō, gave his vast nature an earthly limit and made it useful in the world. He then asks why the three disciples are drawn to their weak, defenceless master Sanzō. He concludes that Sanzō clearly sees how pitiful and how precious a living being's place is, yet still bravely seeks what is right and beautiful. Because Sanzō looks within and has already prepared his heart, outward dangers cannot shake him, whereas Gokū's genius, for all its brilliance, may meet situations it cannot overcome. Despite his frailty and constant persecution, Sanzō cheerfully affirms life.
AI translation · independently checked
さて、今にして思えば、釈迦牟尼によって取抑えられたときの恐怖が、それまでの悟空の・途方もなく大きな(善悪以前の)存在に、一つの地上的制限を与えたもののようである。Now, thinking back on it, it seems that the terror Gokū felt when he was subdued by Shakyamuni placed a single earthly limit on what he had been until then: an outrageously vast being, one that existed before good and evil.
しかもなお、この猿の形をした大きな存在が地上の生活に役立つものとなるためには、五行山の重みの下に五百年間押し付けられ、小さく凝集する必要があったのである。Even so, for this great being in the shape of a monkey to become something useful to life on earth, it had to be pressed down for five hundred years under the weight of Mount Gogyō and squeezed into something small and dense.
だが、凝固して小さくなった現在の悟空が、俺たちから見ると、なんと、段違いにすばらしく大きくみごとであることか!And yet, seen from where the rest of us stand, how incomparably wonderful, how great and splendid the Gokū of today is, even hardened and made small!
三蔵法師は不思議な方である。Sanzō Hōshi is a mysterious person.
実に弱い。He is truly weak.
驚くほど弱い。Astonishingly weak.
変化の術ももとより知らぬ。Naturally, he knows no arts of transformation either.
途で妖怪に襲われれば、すぐに掴まってしまう。If monsters attack him on the road, he is caught at once.
弱いというよりも、まるで自己防衛の本能がないのだ。It isn't so much that he's weak; it's that he has no instinct for self-defence at all.
この意気地のない三蔵法師に、我々三人が斉しく惹かれているというのは、いったいどういうわけだろう?So why on earth are the three of us all equally drawn to this spineless Sanzō Hōshi?
(こんなことを考えるのは俺だけだ。悟空も八戒もただなんとなく師父を敬愛しているだけなのだから。)私は思うに、我々は師父のあの弱さの中に見られるある悲劇的なものに惹かれるのではないか。(I'm the only one who thinks about this sort of thing. Gokū and Hakkai simply love and respect the master without really knowing why.) As I see it, aren't we drawn to something tragic that can be seen within that weakness of his?
これこそ、我々・妖怪からの成上がり者には絶対にないところのものなのだから。For this is exactly what we upstarts, risen from being monsters, utterly lack.
三蔵法師は、大きなものの中における自分の(あるいは人間の、あるいは生き物の)位置を――その哀れさと貴さとをハッキリ悟っておられる。Sanzō Hōshi clearly understands his own place within something vast (or the place of human beings, or of all living things), both its pitifulness and its preciousness.
しかも、その悲劇性に堪えてなお、正しく美しいものを勇敢に求めていかれる。And, bearing that tragic quality, he still goes on bravely seeking what is right and beautiful.
確かにこれだ、我々になくて師に在るものは。Yes, this is surely it: what we lack and the master has.
なるほど、我々は師よりも腕力がある。True, we have more physical strength than the master.
多少の変化の術も心得ている。We also know a few arts of transformation.
しかし、いったん己の位置の悲劇性を悟ったが最後、金輪際、正しく美しい生活を真面目に続けていくことができないに違いない。But the moment we grasped the tragic nature of our own place, we surely could never again go on earnestly living a right and beautiful life.
あの弱い師父の中にある・この貴い強さには、まったく驚嘆のほかはない。I can only marvel at this noble strength within our weak master.
内なる貴さが外の弱さに包まれているところに、師父の魅力があるのだと、俺は考える。I think the master's charm lies in this: an inner nobility wrapped in outer weakness.
もっとも、あの不埒な八戒の解釈によれば、俺たちの――少なくとも悟空の師父に対する敬愛の中には、多分に男色的要素が含まれているというのだが。Though, according to that shameless Hakkai's interpretation, our love and respect for the master (or at least Gokū's) contains a good deal of homoerotic feeling.
まったく、悟空のあの実行的な天才に比べて、三蔵法師は、なんと実務的には鈍物であることか!Really, compared with Gokū's genius for action, how dull-witted Sanzō Hōshi is in practical matters!
だが、これは二人の生きることの目的が違うのだから問題にはならぬ。But that is no problem, since the two of them live for different purposes.
外面的な困難にぶつかったとき、師父は、それを切抜ける途を外に求めずして、内に求める。When he runs into some outward difficulty, the master does not look outside himself for a way through it; he looks within.
つまり自分の心をそれに耐えうるように構えるのである。In other words, he sets his own heart so that it can bear the difficulty.
いや、そのとき慌てて構えずとも、外的な事故によって内なるものが動揺を受けないように、平生から構えができてしまっている。No: even without hurrying to prepare himself at that moment, he is already prepared in everyday life, so that outside accidents cannot shake what is within.
いつどこで窮死してもなお幸福でありうる心を、師はすでに作り上げておられる。The master has already built a heart that could stay happy even if he died destitute, anytime, anywhere.
だから、外に途を求める必要がないのだ。That is why he has no need to look outside for a way.
我々から見ると危なくてしかたのない肉体上の無防禦も、つまりは、師の精神にとって別にたいした影響はないのである。His physical defencelessness, which looks hopelessly dangerous to us, in the end has no great effect on the master's spirit.
悟空のほうは、見た眼にはすこぶる鮮やかだが、しかし彼の天才をもってしてもなお打開できないような事態が世には存在するかもしれぬ。Gokū, for his part, looks dazzling to the eye, but there may be situations in this world that even his genius cannot break through.
しかし、師の場合にはその心配はない。In the master's case, though, there is no such worry.
師にとっては、何も打開する必要がないのだから。For the master, there is nothing that needs breaking through.
悟空には、嚇怒はあっても苦悩はない。Gokū has fury, but no anguish.
歓喜はあっても憂愁はない。He has joy, but no melancholy.
彼が単純にこの生を肯定できるのになんの不思議もない。It is no wonder at all that he can simply say yes to this life.
三蔵法師の場合はどうか?And what about Sanzō Hōshi?
あの病身と、禦ぐことを知らない弱さと、常に妖怪どもの迫害を受けている日々とをもってして、なお師父は怡しげに生を肯われる。With his sickly body, his weakness that knows nothing of self-defence, and his days spent always under attack by monsters, the master still cheerfully says yes to life.
これはたいしたことではないか!Isn't that something remarkable!
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning | JLPT |
|---|---|---|
| 途方もなくとほうもない | outrageous, enormous, beyond all reasondictionary form: 途方もないLiterally 'without a way or direction'; used for things far beyond the normal scale. | — |
| 凝集ぎょうしゅう | condensing, packing together凝 means to congeal or harden; compare 凝固 (solidifying) in the next sentence. | — |
| 意気地いくじ | backbone, nerveIrregular reading. Most often seen as 意気地のない / 意気地なし, meaning spineless or a coward. | — |
| 惹かれてひかれる | to be drawn to, to be attracteddictionary form: 惹かれるOften written 引かれる; 惹 suggests attraction or charm. | — |
| 悲劇的ひげきてき | tragic悲劇 (tragedy) + 的. The passage also uses 悲劇性, 'tragic quality'. | — |
| 成上がり者なりあがりもの | upstart, someone who has risen from a low positiondictionary form: 成り上がり者Usually disparaging. Here Gojō says it of himself and the other disciples, all former monsters. | — |
| 悟ってさとる | to realise, to grasp deeplydictionary form: 悟るAlso the Buddhist word for enlightenment; it is the 悟 in 悟浄, 悟空 and 悟能. | N1 |
| 金輪際こんりんざい | never (ever), not at allUsed with a negative verb. Originally a Buddhist term for the very bottom of the earth. | — |
| 驚嘆きょうたん | amazement, admirationClose to the 歎異 in the title: marvelling at something extraordinary. | — |
| 不埒ふらち | outrageous, shameless, insolentSomewhat old-fashioned word for conduct that breaks the rules of decency. | — |
| 鈍物どんぶつ | dullard, slow-witted person鈍 means blunt or dull; compare 鈍い (にぶい). | — |
| 窮死きゅうし | dying in hardship or destitutionLiterary. 窮 means to be in extreme need. | — |
| 憂愁ゆうしゅう | melancholy, gloomLiterary word, paired here with 歓喜 (joy). | — |
| 肯われるうべなう | to affirm, to assent to (here: to affirm life)dictionary form: 肯うClassical word, used here in an honorific passive form. The modern equivalent is 肯定する. | — |
Grammar
なんと〜ことか N2 how very ...!
An exclamation of strong feeling. なんと begins the exclamation, and the sentence ends with the noun-modifying form + ことか.
なんと、段違いにすばらしく大きくみごとであることか!
how incomparably wonderful, how great and splendid he is!
〜たが最後 N1 once ..., then (inevitably) ...
After the past form of a verb, it means that once something happens, a fixed and usually bad result follows. Here, realising the tragedy of their position would ruin the disciples for good.
いったん己の位置の悲劇性を悟ったが最後、金輪際、正しく美しい生活を真面目に続けていくことができないに違いない。
the moment we grasped the tragic nature of our own place, we surely could never again go on earnestly living a right and beautiful life.
〜のほかはない N2 there is nothing to do but ...; can only ...
Attached to a noun with の (or to a verb), it says that no other response is possible. Here the only possible reaction is amazement.
あの弱い師父の中にある・この貴い強さには、まったく驚嘆のほかはない。
I can only marvel at this noble strength within our weak master.
〜ずして N1 without doing ...
A literary form of 〜ないで / 〜ずに. It is used to contrast two ways of acting: the master looks within instead of outside.
それを切抜ける途を外に求めずして、内に求める。
he does not look outside himself for a way through it; he looks within.
〜うる(得る) N2 can, be able to, be possible
Attached to the verb stem (here である → でありうる), it shows possibility. It is formal and written. In sentence 25 the same pattern appears as 耐えうる.
いつどこで窮死してもなお幸福でありうる心
a heart that could stay happy even if he died destitute, anytime, anywhere
〜をもってしても N1 even with ...; even using ...
It names a powerful means or ability and says that even this would not be enough. Here even Gokū's genius might fail.
彼の天才をもってしてもなお打開できないような事態が世には存在するかもしれぬ。
there may be situations in this world that even his genius cannot break through.