Cover of 悟浄歎異 (Gojōtanni)

Part 5 of 7 · JLPT N1

悟浄歎異 Gojōtanni, part 5: The Strength Hidden in Sanzō's Weakness

by Nakajima Atsushi · 1,393 characters · from Gojō Looks On in Wonder

In this part

Gojō reflects that Gokū's terror at being subdued by the Buddha, and his five hundred years under Mount Gogyō, gave his vast nature an earthly limit and made it useful in the world. He then asks why the three disciples are drawn to their weak, defenceless master Sanzō. He concludes that Sanzō clearly sees how pitiful and how precious a living being's place is, yet still bravely seeks what is right and beautiful. Because Sanzō looks within and has already prepared his heart, outward dangers cannot shake him, whereas Gokū's genius, for all its brilliance, may meet situations it cannot overcome. Despite his frailty and constant persecution, Sanzō cheerfully affirms life.

AI translation · independently checked

さて、今いまにして思おもえば、釈迦牟尼しゃかむにによって取抑とりおさえられたときの恐怖きょうふが、それまでの悟空ごくうの・途方とほうもなく大おおきな(善悪ぜんあく以前いぜんの)存在そんざいに、一ひとつの地上ちじょう的てき制限せいげんを与あたえたもののようである。Now, thinking back on it, it seems that the terror Gokū felt when he was subdued by Shakyamuni placed a single earthly limit on what he had been until then: an outrageously vast being, one that existed before good and evil.

しかもなお、この猿さるの形かたちをした大おおきな存在そんざいが地上ちじょうの生活せいかつに役立やくだつものとなるためには、五行山ごぎょうざんの重おもみの下したに五百ごひゃく年間ねんかん押おし付つけられ、小ちいさく凝集ぎょうしゅうする必要ひつようがあったのである。Even so, for this great being in the shape of a monkey to become something useful to life on earth, it had to be pressed down for five hundred years under the weight of Mount Gogyō and squeezed into something small and dense.

だが、凝固ぎょうこして小ちいさくなった現在げんざいの悟空ごくうが、俺おれたちから見みると、なんと、段違だんちがいにすばらしく大おおきくみごとであることか!And yet, seen from where the rest of us stand, how incomparably wonderful, how great and splendid the Gokū of today is, even hardened and made small!

三蔵さんぞう法師ほうしは不思議ふしぎな方かたである。Sanzō Hōshi is a mysterious person.

実じつに弱よわい。He is truly weak.

驚おどろくほど弱よわい。Astonishingly weak.

変化へんげの術じゅつももとより知しらぬ。Naturally, he knows no arts of transformation either.

途みちで妖怪ようかいに襲おそわれれば、すぐに掴つかまってしまう。If monsters attack him on the road, he is caught at once.

弱よわいというよりも、まるで自己じこ防衛ぼうえいの本能ほんのうがないのだ。It isn't so much that he's weak; it's that he has no instinct for self-defence at all.

この意気地いくじのない三蔵さんぞう法師ほうしに、我々われわれ三さん人にんが斉ひとしく惹ひかれているというのは、いったいどういうわけだろう?So why on earth are the three of us all equally drawn to this spineless Sanzō Hōshi?

(こんなことを考かんがえるのは俺おれだけだ。悟空ごくうも八戒はっかいもただなんとなく師父しふを敬愛けいあいしているだけなのだから。)私わたくしは思おもうに、我々われわれは師父しふのあの弱よわさの中なかに見みられるある悲劇的ひげきてきなものに惹ひかれるのではないか。(I'm the only one who thinks about this sort of thing. Gokū and Hakkai simply love and respect the master without really knowing why.) As I see it, aren't we drawn to something tragic that can be seen within that weakness of his?

これこそ、我々われわれ・妖怪ようかいからの成上なりあがり者ものには絶対ぜったいにないところのものなのだから。For this is exactly what we upstarts, risen from being monsters, utterly lack.

三蔵さんぞう法師ほうしは、大おおきなものの中なかにおける自分じぶんの(あるいは人間にんげんの、あるいは生いき物ものの)位置いちを――その哀あわれさと貴とうとさとをハッキリ悟さとっておられる。Sanzō Hōshi clearly understands his own place within something vast (or the place of human beings, or of all living things), both its pitifulness and its preciousness.

しかも、その悲劇ひげき性せいに堪こらえてなお、正ただしく美うつくしいものを勇敢ゆうかんに求もとめていかれる。And, bearing that tragic quality, he still goes on bravely seeking what is right and beautiful.

確たしかにこれだ、我々われわれになくて師しに在あるものは。Yes, this is surely it: what we lack and the master has.

なるほど、我々われわれは師しよりも腕力わんりょくがある。True, we have more physical strength than the master.

多少たしょうの変化へんげの術じゅつも心得こころえている。We also know a few arts of transformation.

しかし、いったん己おのれの位置いちの悲劇ひげき性せいを悟さとったが最後さいご、金輪際こんりんざい、正ただしく美うつくしい生活せいかつを真面目まじめに続つづけていくことができないに違ちがいない。But the moment we grasped the tragic nature of our own place, we surely could never again go on earnestly living a right and beautiful life.

あの弱よわい師父しふの中なかにある・この貴とうとい強つよさには、まったく驚嘆きょうたんのほかはない。I can only marvel at this noble strength within our weak master.

内うちなる貴とうとさが外そとの弱よわさに包つつまれているところに、師父しふの魅力みりょくがあるのだと、俺おれは考かんがえる。I think the master's charm lies in this: an inner nobility wrapped in outer weakness.

もっとも、あの不埒ふらちな八戒はっかいの解釈かいしゃくによれば、俺おれたちの――少すくなくとも悟空ごくうの師父しふに対たいする敬愛けいあいの中なかには、多分たぶんに男色だんしょく的てき要素ようそが含ふくまれているというのだが。Though, according to that shameless Hakkai's interpretation, our love and respect for the master (or at least Gokū's) contains a good deal of homoerotic feeling.

まったく、悟空ごくうのあの実行じっこう的てきな天才てんさいに比くらべて、三蔵さんぞう法師ほうしは、なんと実務じつむ的てきには鈍物どんぶつであることか!Really, compared with Gokū's genius for action, how dull-witted Sanzō Hōshi is in practical matters!

だが、これは二人ふたりの生いきることの目的もくてきが違ちがうのだから問題もんだいにはならぬ。But that is no problem, since the two of them live for different purposes.

外面的がいめんてきな困難こんなんにぶつかったとき、師父しふは、それを切抜きりぬける途みちを外そとに求もとめずして、内うちに求もとめる。When he runs into some outward difficulty, the master does not look outside himself for a way through it; he looks within.

つまり自分じぶんの心こころをそれに耐たえうるように構かまえるのである。In other words, he sets his own heart so that it can bear the difficulty.

いや、そのとき慌あわてて構かまえずとも、外的がいてきな事故じこによって内うちなるものが動揺どうようを受うけないように、平生へいぜいから構かまえができてしまっている。No: even without hurrying to prepare himself at that moment, he is already prepared in everyday life, so that outside accidents cannot shake what is within.

いつどこで窮死きゅうししてもなお幸福こうふくでありうる心こころを、師しはすでに作つくり上あげておられる。The master has already built a heart that could stay happy even if he died destitute, anytime, anywhere.

だから、外そとに途みちを求もとめる必要ひつようがないのだ。That is why he has no need to look outside for a way.

我々われわれから見みると危あぶなくてしかたのない肉体にくたい上じょうの無防禦むぼうぎょも、つまりは、師しの精神せいしんにとって別べつにたいした影響えいきょうはないのである。His physical defencelessness, which looks hopelessly dangerous to us, in the end has no great effect on the master's spirit.

悟空ごくうのほうは、見みた眼めにはすこぶる鮮あざやかだが、しかし彼かれの天才てんさいをもってしてもなお打開だかいできないような事態じたいが世よには存在そんざいするかもしれぬ。Gokū, for his part, looks dazzling to the eye, but there may be situations in this world that even his genius cannot break through.

しかし、師しの場合ばあいにはその心配しんぱいはない。In the master's case, though, there is no such worry.

師しにとっては、何なんも打開だかいする必要ひつようがないのだから。For the master, there is nothing that needs breaking through.

悟空ごくうには、嚇怒かくどはあっても苦悩くのうはない。Gokū has fury, but no anguish.

歓喜かんきはあっても憂愁ゆうしゅうはない。He has joy, but no melancholy.

彼かれが単純たんじゅんにこの生せいを肯定こうていできるのになんの不思議ふしぎもない。It is no wonder at all that he can simply say yes to this life.

三蔵さんぞう法師ほうしの場合ばあいはどうか?And what about Sanzō Hōshi?

あの病身びょうしんと、禦ふせぐことを知しらない弱よわさと、常つねに妖怪ようかいどもの迫害はくがいを受うけている日々ひびとをもってして、なお師父しふは怡たのしげに生せいを肯うべなわれる。With his sickly body, his weakness that knows nothing of self-defence, and his days spent always under attack by monsters, the master still cheerfully says yes to life.

これはたいしたことではないか!Isn't that something remarkable!

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
途方もなくとほうもないoutrageous, enormous, beyond all reasondictionary form: 途方もないLiterally 'without a way or direction'; used for things far beyond the normal scale.—
凝集ぎょうしゅうcondensing, packing together凝 means to congeal or harden; compare 凝固 (solidifying) in the next sentence.—
意気地いくじbackbone, nerveIrregular reading. Most often seen as 意気地のない / 意気地なし, meaning spineless or a coward.—
惹かれてひかれるto be drawn to, to be attracteddictionary form: 惹かれるOften written 引かれる; 惹 suggests attraction or charm.—
悲劇的ひげきてきtragic悲劇 (tragedy) + 的. The passage also uses 悲劇性, 'tragic quality'.—
成上がり者なりあがりものupstart, someone who has risen from a low positiondictionary form: 成り上がり者Usually disparaging. Here Gojō says it of himself and the other disciples, all former monsters.—
悟ってさとるto realise, to grasp deeplydictionary form: 悟るAlso the Buddhist word for enlightenment; it is the 悟 in 悟浄, 悟空 and 悟能.N1
金輪際こんりんざいnever (ever), not at allUsed with a negative verb. Originally a Buddhist term for the very bottom of the earth.—
驚嘆きょうたんamazement, admirationClose to the 歎異 in the title: marvelling at something extraordinary.—
不埒ふらちoutrageous, shameless, insolentSomewhat old-fashioned word for conduct that breaks the rules of decency.—
鈍物どんぶつdullard, slow-witted person鈍 means blunt or dull; compare 鈍い (にぶい).—
窮死きゅうしdying in hardship or destitutionLiterary. 窮 means to be in extreme need.—
憂愁ゆうしゅうmelancholy, gloomLiterary word, paired here with 歓喜 (joy).—
肯われるうべなうto affirm, to assent to (here: to affirm life)dictionary form: 肯うClassical word, used here in an honorific passive form. The modern equivalent is 肯定する.—

Grammar

なんと〜ことか N2 how very ...!

An exclamation of strong feeling. なんと begins the exclamation, and the sentence ends with the noun-modifying form + ことか.

なんと、段違いにすばらしく大きくみごとであることか!

how incomparably wonderful, how great and splendid he is!

〜たが最後 N1 once ..., then (inevitably) ...

After the past form of a verb, it means that once something happens, a fixed and usually bad result follows. Here, realising the tragedy of their position would ruin the disciples for good.

いったん己の位置の悲劇性を悟ったが最後、金輪際、正しく美しい生活を真面目に続けていくことができないに違いない。

the moment we grasped the tragic nature of our own place, we surely could never again go on earnestly living a right and beautiful life.

〜のほかはない N2 there is nothing to do but ...; can only ...

Attached to a noun with の (or to a verb), it says that no other response is possible. Here the only possible reaction is amazement.

あの弱い師父の中にある・この貴い強さには、まったく驚嘆のほかはない。

I can only marvel at this noble strength within our weak master.

〜ずして N1 without doing ...

A literary form of 〜ないで / 〜ずに. It is used to contrast two ways of acting: the master looks within instead of outside.

それを切抜ける途を外に求めずして、内に求める。

he does not look outside himself for a way through it; he looks within.

〜うる(得る) N2 can, be able to, be possible

Attached to the verb stem (here である → でありうる), it shows possibility. It is formal and written. In sentence 25 the same pattern appears as 耐えうる.

いつどこで窮死してもなお幸福でありうる心

a heart that could stay happy even if he died destitute, anytime, anywhere

〜をもってしても N1 even with ...; even using ...

It names a powerful means or ability and says that even this would not be enough. Here even Gokū's genius might fail.

彼の天才をもってしてもなお打開できないような事態が世には存在するかもしれぬ。

there may be situations in this world that even his genius cannot break through.