Cover of 葉 (Ha)

Part 4 of 7 · JLPT N2

葉 Ha, part 4: Arguments for Living, and Other Fragments

by Dazai Osamu · 1,345 characters · from Leaves, Still Green

In this part

Kobayakawa scolds Aoi for claiming that useless people like them should simply die. He argues that even a small contribution to the proletariat makes a life worth living. Short fragments follow: a boy offended that his arithmetic book prints the answers, an aunt's backhanded advice, a man who lets go of a drowning woman who then cries another man's name, and a writer's request for a headless statue.

AI translation · independently checked

「死しねば一番いちばんいいのだ。いや、僕ぼくだけじゃない。少すくなくとも社会しゃかいの進歩しんぽにマイナスの働はたらきをなしている奴等やつらは全部ぜんぶ、死しねばいいのだ。それとも君きみ、マイナスの者ものでもなんでも人ひとはすべて死しんではならぬという科学的かがくてきな何なにか理由りゆうがあるのかね」"The best thing would be to die. No, not just me. At the very least, every one of those fellows who works as a minus to the progress of society ought to die. Or tell me, is there some scientific reason why people must never die, minus or not?"

「ば、ばかな」"Th-that's absurd."

小早川こばやかわには青井あおいの言いうことが急きゅうにばからしくなって来きた。All at once, what Aoi was saying began to seem ridiculous to Kobayakawa.

「笑わらってはいけない。だって君きみ、そうじゃないか。祖先そせんを祭まつるために生いきていなければならないとか、人類じんるいの文化ぶんかを完成かんせいさせなければならないとか、そんなたいへんな倫理的りんりてきな義務ぎむとしてしか僕ぼくたちは今いままで教おしえられていないのだ。"Don't laugh. Isn't it so? We've only ever been taught it as some grand moral duty: that we must stay alive to honour our ancestors, that we must bring the culture of mankind to completion.

なんの科学的かがくてきな説明せつめいも与あたえられていないのだ。そんなら僕ぼくたちマイナスの人間にんげんは皆みな、死しんだほうがいいのだ。死しぬとゼロだよ」We've never been given any scientific explanation at all. In that case, all of us minus people had better die. Die, and you're a zero."

「馬鹿ばか! 何なにを言いっていやがる。どだい、君きみ、虫むしが好よすぎるぞ。それは成なる程ほど、君きみも僕ぼくもぜんぜん生産せいさんにあずかっていない人間にんげんだ。"Idiot! What are you blathering about? You're asking far too much, you know. True enough, you and I are people who take no part whatever in production.

それだからとて、決けっしてマイナスの生活せいかつはしていないと思おもうのだ。君きみはいったい、無産むさん階級かいきゅうの解放かいほうを望のぞんでいるのか。Even so, I don't think we're living minus lives at all. Tell me, do you really want the liberation of the propertyless class?

無産むさん階級かいきゅうの大勝利だいしょうりを信しんじているのか。程度ていどの差さはあるけれども、僕ぼくたちはブルジョアジイに寄生きせいしている。Do you believe in the great victory of the propertyless class? There are differences of degree, but we're living off the bourgeoisie like parasites.

それは確たしかだ。だがそれはブルジョアジイを支持しじしているのとはぜんぜん意味いみが違ちがうのだ。That much is certain. But that means something entirely different from supporting the bourgeoisie.

一いちのプロレタリアアトへの貢献こうけんと、九きゅうのブルジョアジイへの貢献こうけんと君きみは言いったが、何なにを指さしてブルジョアジイへの貢献こうけんと言いうのだろう。You said one part contribution to the proletariat and nine parts contribution to the bourgeoisie, but what exactly do you mean by contribution to the bourgeoisie?

わざわざ資本家しほんかの懐ふところを肥こやしてやる点てんでは、僕ぼくたちだってプロレタリアアトだって同おなじことなんだ。When it comes to going out of our way to fatten the capitalists' pockets, we and the proletariat are in exactly the same position.

資本しほん主義しゅぎ的てき経済けいざい社会しゃかいに住すんでいることが裏切うらぎりなら、闘士とうしにはどんな仙人せんにんが成なるのだ。そんな言葉ことばこそウルトラというものだ。If living in a capitalist economic society is betrayal, then what kind of hermit sage could ever become a fighter? Talk like that is exactly what you'd call ultra.

小児病きんでるくらんくはいとというものだ。一いちのプロレタリアアトへの貢献こうけん、それで沢山たくさん。その一いちが尊とうといのだ。It's what's called an infantile disorder. One part contribution to the proletariat, that's plenty. That one part is precious.

その一いちだけの為ために僕ぼくたちは頑張がんばって生いきていなければならないのだ。そうしてそれが立派りっぱにプラスの生活せいかつだ。死しぬなんて馬鹿ばかだ。死しぬなんて馬鹿ばかだ」For the sake of that one part alone, we have to hold on and keep living. And that is, quite properly, a plus life. Dying is idiotic. Dying is idiotic."

生うまれてはじめて算術さんじゅつの教科書きょうかしょを手てにした。For the first time in his life, he held an arithmetic textbook in his hands.

小型こがたの、まっくろい表紙ひょうし。A small one, with a jet-black cover.

ああ、なかの数字すうじの羅列られつがどんなに美うつくしく眼めにしみたことか。Ah, how beautifully the rows of figures inside burned into his eyes!

少年しょうねんは、しばらくそれをいじくっていたが、やがて、巻末かんまつのペエジにすべての解答かいとうが記しるされているのを発見はっけんした。The boy fiddled with it for a while, but before long he discovered that all the answers were written out on the pages at the back.

少年しょうねんは眉まゆをひそめて呟つぶやいたのである。The boy frowned and muttered:

「無礼ぶれいだなあ」"How rude."

外そとはみぞれ、何なにを笑わらうやレニン像ぞう。Sleet outside; what are you laughing at, statue of Lenin?

叔母おばの言ゆう。My aunt would say:

「お前まえはきりょうがわるいから、愛嬌あいきょうだけでもよくなさい。お前まえはからだが弱よわいから、心こころだけでもよくなさい。お前まえは嘘うそがうまいから、行おこないだけでもよくなさい」"You are plain to look at, so at least be charming. You are weak in body, so at least be good at heart. You are good at lying, so at least be good in your conduct."

知しっていながらその告白こくはくを強しいる。They know, and still they force the confession out of you.

なんといういんけんな刑罰けいばつであろう。What an insidious punishment.

満月まんげつの宵よい。An evening of full moon.

光ひかっては崩くずれ、うねっては崩くずれ、逆巻さかまき、のた打うつ浪なみのなかで互たがいに離はなれまいとつないだ手てを苦くるしまぎれに俺おれが故意わざと振ふり切きったとき女おんなは忽たちまち浪なみに呑のまれて、たかく名なを呼よんだ。Amid waves that gleamed and broke, swelled and broke, surging and writhing, we had joined hands so as not to be parted; when, in my desperation, I deliberately shook her hand off, the woman was swallowed by the waves at once and cried out a name, loud and high.

俺おれの名なではなかった。It was not my name.

われは山賊さんぞく。I am a mountain bandit.

うぬが誇ほこりをかすめとらむ。I shall snatch away thy pride.

「よもやそんなことはあるまい、あるまいけれど、な、わしの銅像どうぞうをたてるとき、右みぎの足あしを半歩はんぽだけ前まえへだし、ゆったりとそりみにして、左ひだりの手てはチョッキの中なかへ、右みぎの手ては書かき損そんじの原稿げんこうをにぎりつぶし、そうして首くびをつけぬこと。"Surely it will never come to pass, never, and yet, see here, should they ever raise a bronze statue of me, have the right foot set half a step forward, the body leaning back at ease, the left hand tucked into the waistcoat, the right hand crushing a spoiled draft, and give it no head.

いやいや、なんの意味いみもない。雀すずめの糞ふんを鼻はなのあたまに浴あびるなど、わしはいやなのだ。そうして台石だいいしには、こう刻きざんでおくれ。No, no, there's no meaning to it. I simply won't have sparrow droppings landing on the tip of my nose. And on the pedestal, carve this for me:

ここに男おとこがいる。生うまれて、死しんだ。一生いっしょうを、書かき損そんじの原稿げんこうを破やぶることに使つかった」Here is a man. He was born, and he died. He spent his whole life tearing up spoiled drafts."

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
虫が好すぎるむしがいいselfish; asking too much; wanting things too convenientlydictionary form: 虫がいいIdiom: 虫 here is the 'bug' inside you, meaning your inner feelings. Usually written 虫がいい.—
無産階級むさんかいきゅうthe propertyless class; the proletariatCommon term in 1920s–30s left-wing writing; 無産 means 'owning nothing'.—
寄生きせいliving off someone; being a parasite寄生する: to be parasitic on something. Also used for biological parasites.—
貢献こうけんcontributionUsed as 〜への貢献 or 〜に貢献する.N3
肥してこやすto fatten; to enrichdictionary form: 肥やす懐を肥やす means 'to line someone's pockets'. The older spelling here leaves out the や okurigana.—
仙人せんにんhermit sage; immortal recluse who lives apart from the worldA figure from Daoist legend who lives in the mountains. Here it means someone completely untouched by society.—
羅列られつa long row or string of itemsOften slightly negative, suggesting a mere listing of things.—
巻末かんまつthe end of a book; the back pagesOpposite: 巻頭 (かんとう), the front of a book.—
眉をひそめてまゆをひそめるto frown; to knit one's brows in displeasuredictionary form: 眉をひそめる—
無礼ぶれいrude; impoliteA stronger, stiffer word than 失礼.N1
きりょうきりょうlooks; facial appearancedictionary form: 器量Older word. きりょうがわるい means 'plain-looking'. It can also mean ability or talent.—
愛嬌あいきょうcharm; winning, likeable manner—
いんけんいんけんinsidious; underhanded; slydictionary form: 陰険Describes hidden malice, the opposite of open hostility.—
書き損じかきそんじa spoiled piece of writing; a botched draftVerb stem + 損じる means 'to fail at doing'. 書き損じる: to make a mistake in writing.—

Grammar

〜ばいい N4 it would be best if…; one should just…

The conditional ば followed by いい means 'it would be good if'. Aoi uses it with 死ぬ in a bitter, matter-of-fact tone, and のだ adds the sense of stating a conclusion.

死ねば一番いいのだ。

The best thing would be to die.

〜てはならぬ N3 must not…

This is the same as 〜てはならない. Here the negative is the older literary ぬ instead of ない, which gives Aoi's argument a stiff, formal sound.

人はすべて死んではならぬという科学的な何か理由があるのかね

is there some scientific reason why people must never die?

どんなに〜ことか N2 how very…!

どんなに plus a verb or adjective plus ことか makes an emotional exclamation, not a real question. Here it expresses the boy's delight at the numbers.

なかの数字の羅列がどんなに美しく眼にしみたことか。

How beautifully the rows of figures inside burned into his eyes!

〜まい N2 determined not to…; probably not…

Attached to a verb, まい is a negative volitional or a negative guess. 離れまいと means 'so as not to be parted'. In the next fragment, あるまい means 'surely it won't happen'.

互いに離れまいとつないだ手

the hands we had joined so as not to be parted

〜む (classical volitional) N1 I shall…; I will…

む is the classical auxiliary of will or intention. It is the ancestor of modern 〜う/〜よう, so かすめとらむ corresponds to かすめとろう. Together with うぬ, an archaic contemptuous 'you', it gives the bandit line a mock-heroic tone.

うぬが誇をかすめとらむ。

I shall snatch away thy pride.

〜やがる N2 (contemptuous) the nerve of someone doing…

Attached to the stem of a verb, やがる shows scorn or irritation at someone's action. Here 言っていやがる expresses Kobayakawa's angry impatience with Aoi.

何を言っていやがる。

What are you blathering about?