Cover of 夢十夜 (Yumejūya)

Part 6 of 10 · JLPT N2

夢十夜(第六夜) Yumejūya, part 6: Unkei Carves Guardian Kings in Meiji

by Natsume Sōseki · 1,603 characters · from Ten Nights, Ten Dreams

In this part

The narrator hears that the medieval sculptor Unkei is carving guardian-king statues at the gate of Gokokuji, and he joins a crowd of Meiji-era onlookers. A young man tells him that Unkei does not make the faces but simply digs out what is already buried in the wood. The narrator goes home to try it himself, but none of his logs holds a guardian king, and he concludes that Meiji wood has none inside it. This, he decides, is why Unkei is still alive.

AI translation · independently checked

運慶うんけいが護国寺ごこくじの山門さんもんで仁王におうを刻きざんでいると云いう評判ひょうばんだから、散歩さんぽながら行いって見みると、自分じぶんより先さきにもう大勢おおぜい集あつまって、しきりに下馬評げばひょうをやっていた。There was word that Unkei was carving guardian kings at the main gate of Gokokuji, so I went along as part of a stroll and found that a large crowd had gathered ahead of me and was busily trading idle opinions.

山門さんもんの前まえ五六間ごろっけんの所ところには、大おおきな赤松あかまつがあって、その幹みきが斜ななめに山門さんもんの甍いらかを隠かくして、遠とおい青空あおぞらまで伸のびている。Some five or six ken in front of the gate stood a large red pine, whose trunk slanted across and hid the tiled roof of the gate as it stretched up into the distant blue sky.

松まつの緑みどりと朱塗しゅぬりの門もんが互たがいに照うつり合あってみごとに見みえる。The green of the pine and the vermilion lacquer of the gate set each other off and made a splendid sight.

その上松うえの位地いちが好よい。Besides, the pine stood in just the right place.

門もんの左ひだりの端はしを眼障めざわりにならないように、斜はすに切きって行いって、上うえになるほど幅はばを広ひろく屋根やねまで突出つきだしているのが何なんとなく古風こふうである。It cut slantwise past the left edge of the gate so as not to block the view, and it spread wider the higher it rose until it jutted out over the roof, and there was something old-fashioned about it all.

鎌倉かまくら時代じだいとも思おもわれる。It seemed almost as if it were the Kamakura period.

ところが見みているものは、みんな自分じぶんと同おなじく、明治めいじの人間にんげんである。Yet the people looking on were all men of Meiji, just like me.

その中うちでも車夫しゃふが一番いちばん多おおい。Among them, rickshaw men were the most numerous.

辻待つじまちをして退屈たいくつだから立たっているに相違そういない。They must have been bored waiting for fares on the street corner and had stopped to stand there.

「大おおきなもんだなあ」と云いっている。"Big thing, isn't it," one was saying.

「人間にんげんを拵こしらえるよりもよっぽど骨ほねが折おれるだろう」とも云いっている。"Must be a lot harder work than making a human being," another was saying too.

そうかと思おもうと、「へえ仁王におうだね。今いまでも仁王におうを彫ほるのかね。へえそうかね。私わっしゃまた仁王におうはみんな古ふるいのばかりかと思おもってた」と云いった男おとこがある。Then there was a man who said, "Huh, guardian kings, eh? So they still carve guardian kings these days? Huh, is that so. And here I thought the guardian kings were all old ones."

「どうも強つよそうですね。なんだってえますぜ。昔むかしから誰だれが強つよいって、仁王におうほど強つよい人ひとあ無ないって云いいますぜ。何なんでも日本武尊やまとだけのみことよりも強つよいんだってえからね」と話はなしかけた男おとこもある。And there was another man who chimed in, "They look mighty strong, don't they. They say, you know, that since olden times, whoever you might name as strong, there's nobody as strong as a guardian king. Stronger than Yamato Takeru himself, so they say."

この男おとこは尻しりを端折はしょって、帽子ぼうしを被かぶらずにいた。This man had the hem of his kimono tucked up into his sash and wore no hat.

よほど無む教育きょういくな男おとこと見みえる。He appeared to be a thoroughly uneducated fellow.

運慶うんけいは見物人けんぶつにんの評判ひょうばんには委細いさい頓着とんじゃくなく鑿のみと槌つちを動うごかしている。Unkei paid no heed whatsoever to the onlookers' talk, and kept working his chisel and mallet.

いっこう振ふり向むきもしない。He did not so much as turn around.

高たかい所ところに乗のって、仁王におうの顔かおの辺あたりをしきりに彫ほり抜ぬいて行いく。Perched up high, he went on busily carving out the area around the guardian king's face.

運慶うんけいは頭あたまに小ちいさい烏帽子えぼしのようなものを乗のせて、素袍すおうだか何なんだかわからない大おおきな袖そでを背中せなかで括くくっている。Unkei had something like a small court cap on his head, and wore a garment with great sleeves, a ceremonial robe or something of the kind, which he had tied back behind him.

その様子ようすがいかにも古ふるくさい。His appearance was thoroughly antiquated.

わいわい云いってる見物人けんぶつにんとはまるで釣つり合あいが取とれないようである。He seemed utterly out of keeping with the chattering onlookers.

自分じぶんはどうして今時分いまじぶんまで運慶うんけいが生いきているのかなと思おもった。I wondered how Unkei could still be alive at this late date.

どうも不思議ふしぎな事ことがあるものだと考かんがえながら、やはり立たって見みていた。Thinking what a strange thing this was, I nevertheless went on standing there and watching.

しかし運慶うんけいの方ほうでは不思議ふしぎとも奇体きたいともとんと感かんじ得えない様子ようすで一生いっしょう懸命けんめいに彫ほっている。Unkei, however, carved with all his might, as though he could feel nothing at all strange or peculiar in it.

仰向あおむいてこの態度たいどを眺ながめていた一人ひとりの若わかい男おとこが、自分じぶんの方ほうを振ふり向むいて、A young man who had been gazing up at this bearing turned toward me

「さすがは運慶うんけいだな。眼中がんちゅうに我々われわれなしだ。天下てんかの英雄えいゆうはただ仁王におうと我われとあるのみと云いう態度たいどだ。天晴あっぱれだ」と云いって賞ほめ出だした。and began to praise him: "That's Unkei for you. We don't exist in his eyes. His attitude says the only heroes under heaven are the guardian king and himself. Splendid."

自分じぶんはこの言葉ことばを面白おもしろいと思おもった。I found these words interesting.

それでちょっと若わかい男おとこの方ほうを見みると、若わかい男おとこは、すかさず、So I glanced over at the young man, and without missing a beat he said,

「あの鑿のみと槌つちの使つかい方かたを見みたまえ。大自在だいじざいの妙境みょうきょうに達たっしている」と云いった。"Look at the way he uses that chisel and mallet. He has attained a state of perfect freedom and mastery."

運慶うんけいは今いま太ふとい眉まゆを一寸いっすんの高たかさに横よこへ彫ほり抜ぬいて、鑿のみの歯はを竪たてに返かえすや否いなや斜はすに、上うえから槌つちを打うち下おろした。Unkei had just carved a thick eyebrow sideways, an inch high, and the moment he turned the chisel blade upright he brought the mallet down on it from above at a slant.

堅かたい木きを一ひと刻きざみに削けずって、厚あつい木屑きくずが槌つちの声こえに応おうじて飛とんだと思おもったら、小鼻こばなのおっ開ぴらいた怒いかり鼻はなの側面そくめんがたちまち浮うき上あがって来きた。He cut into the hard wood in a single stroke, and no sooner had the thick chips flown at the sound of the mallet than the side of an angry nose with flaring nostrils rose up out of the wood.

その刀とうの入いれ方かたがいかにも無遠慮ぶえんりょであった。The way he drove the blade in was utterly unhesitating.

そうして少すこしも疑念ぎねんを挾さしはさんでおらんように見みえた。And he did not seem to harbour the slightest doubt.

「よくああ無造作むぞうさに鑿のみを使つかって、思おもうような眉まみえや鼻はなができるものだな」と自分じぶんはあんまり感心かんしんしたから独言ひとりごとのように言いった。"How can he wield a chisel so casually and still get the eyebrows and nose just as he wants them?" I said, as though to myself, so impressed was I.

するとさっきの若わかい男おとこが、Then the young man from before said,

「なに、あれは眉まゆや鼻はなを鑿のみで作つくるんじゃない。あの通とおりの眉まゆや鼻はなが木きの中なかに埋うまっているのを、鑿のみと槌つちの力ちからで掘ほり出だすまでだ。まるで土つちの中なかから石いしを掘ほり出だすようなものだからけっして間違まちがうはずはない」と云いった。"Oh, he isn't making the eyebrows and nose with his chisel. Those very eyebrows and that very nose are buried inside the wood, and he's only digging them out with the power of chisel and mallet. It's just like digging a stone out of the earth, so he can't possibly go wrong."

自分じぶんはこの時とき始はじめて彫刻ちょうこくとはそんなものかと思おもい出だした。Only then did it first occur to me that this was what sculpture was.

はたしてそうなら誰だれにでもできる事ことだと思おもい出だした。If that were really so, I began to think, then anyone could do it.

それで急きゅうに自分じぶんも仁王におうが彫ほってみたくなったから見物けんぶつをやめてさっそく家うちへ帰かえった。And so, suddenly wanting to carve a guardian king myself, I gave up watching and went straight home.

道具箱どうぐばこから鑿のみと金槌かなづちを持もち出だして、裏うらへ出でて見みると、せんだっての暴風あらしで倒たおれた樫かしを、薪まきにするつもりで、木挽こびきに挽ひかせた手頃てごろな奴やつが、たくさん積つんであった。I took a chisel and hammer out of my toolbox and went out to the back, where I found a good pile of handy-sized pieces of an oak that had blown down in the recent storm, which I'd had a sawyer cut up to use as firewood.

自分じぶんは一番いちばん大おおきいのを選えらんで、勢いきおいよく彫ほり始はじめて見みたが、不幸ふこうにして、仁王におうは見当みあたらなかった。I chose the biggest one and set to carving it with great vigour, but unfortunately no guardian king was to be found.

その次つぎのにも運うん悪わるく掘ほり当あてる事ことができなかった。In the next one too, as luck would have it, I failed to strike upon one.

三さん番目ばんめのにも仁王におうはいなかった。There was no guardian king in the third one either.

自分じぶんは積つんである薪たきぎを片かたっ端ぱしから彫ほって見みたが、どれもこれも仁王におうを蔵かくしているのはなかった。I tried carving the stacked firewood one piece after another, but not a single one was hiding a guardian king.

ついに明治めいじの木きにはとうてい仁王におうは埋うまっていないものだと悟さとった。At last I realised that in the wood of Meiji there are no guardian kings buried at all.

それで運慶うんけいが今日きょうまで生いきている理由りゆうもほぼ解わかった。And with that, I more or less understood why Unkei is still alive today.

Vocabulary

WordMeaningJLPT
仁王におうthe Guardian Kings: a pair of fierce muscular statues guarding a temple gateThere is no real English equivalent. They are usually carved in wood and stand on either side of the main gate.—
山門さんもんmain gate of a Buddhist templeLiterally 'mountain gate', because temples were traditionally built on mountains.—
評判ひょうばんrumour, talk; reputationHere it means 'word going around'. Later it means the crowd's comments.N3
下馬評げばひょうidle speculation, gossip by onlookersOriginally the chatter of servants waiting where riders dismounted (下馬).—
刻んできざむto carve, to engravedictionary form: 刻むAlso means 'to chop finely'. 彫る is the more common word for carving.N2
車夫しゃふrickshaw pullerA typical Meiji-era occupation.—
辻待つじまちwaiting for customers on a street cornerdictionary form: 辻待ち辻 means crossroads.—
頓着とんじゃくconcern, paying attention (usually with a negative)委細頓着なく means 'not caring in the least'. It is also read とんちゃく.—
鑿のみchiselOften paired with 槌 (つち, mallet).—
天晴れあっぱれsplendid! bravo!An old-fashioned exclamation of admiration.—
無造作むぞうさcasually, effortlessly, without fuss—
木挽こびきsawyer, a man who saws timber by handdictionary form: 木挽き—
悟ったさとるto realise, to come to understanddictionary form: 悟るAlso used for Buddhist enlightenment.N1

Grammar

〜に相違ない N2 must be; there is no doubt that

This is a formal, written equivalent of 〜に違いない. It attaches to the plain form and shows that the narrator is confident about his inference.

辻待をして退屈だから立っているに相違ない。

They must have been bored waiting for fares and stopped to stand there.

〜ほど N3 the more …, the more …

When ほど follows a verb such as なる, it means that one thing increases as another does. This is the short form of 〜ば〜ほど. Here the pine widens as it goes higher.

上になるほど幅を広く屋根まで突出している

it spreads wider the higher it goes and juts out over the roof

〜や否や N1 as soon as; the moment that

This literary pattern follows the dictionary form of a verb. It shows that the second action comes immediately after the first.

鑿の歯を竪に返すや否や斜すに、上から槌を打ち下した。

The moment he turned the chisel blade upright, he brought the mallet down at a slant from above.

〜までだ N1 it is merely …; nothing more than …

After a dictionary-form verb, までだ limits the action to 'only this'. The young man means that Unkei is simply digging out what is already there.

鑿と槌の力で掘り出すまでだ。

He's only digging them out with the power of chisel and mallet.

〜はずはない N3 there is no way that; cannot possibly

This pattern expresses strong certainty that something cannot happen. Adding けっして makes it stronger still.

けっして間違うはずはない

he can't possibly go wrong

〜たまえ N2 do …; (a casual command)

This is a masculine, somewhat old-fashioned imperative made from the verb's ます-stem + たまえ. It sounds like an educated young man speaking to an equal or an inferior.

あの鑿と槌の使い方を見たまえ。

Look at the way he uses that chisel and mallet.