
Part 6 of 10 · JLPT N2
夢十夜(第六夜) Yumejūya, part 6: Unkei Carves Guardian Kings in Meiji
In this part
The narrator hears that the medieval sculptor Unkei is carving guardian-king statues at the gate of Gokokuji, and he joins a crowd of Meiji-era onlookers. A young man tells him that Unkei does not make the faces but simply digs out what is already buried in the wood. The narrator goes home to try it himself, but none of his logs holds a guardian king, and he concludes that Meiji wood has none inside it. This, he decides, is why Unkei is still alive.
AI translation · independently checked
運慶が護国寺の山門で仁王を刻んでいると云う評判だから、散歩ながら行って見ると、自分より先にもう大勢集まって、しきりに下馬評をやっていた。There was word that Unkei was carving guardian kings at the main gate of Gokokuji, so I went along as part of a stroll and found that a large crowd had gathered ahead of me and was busily trading idle opinions.
山門の前五六間の所には、大きな赤松があって、その幹が斜めに山門の甍を隠して、遠い青空まで伸びている。Some five or six ken in front of the gate stood a large red pine, whose trunk slanted across and hid the tiled roof of the gate as it stretched up into the distant blue sky.
松の緑と朱塗の門が互いに照り合ってみごとに見える。The green of the pine and the vermilion lacquer of the gate set each other off and made a splendid sight.
その上松の位地が好い。Besides, the pine stood in just the right place.
門の左の端を眼障にならないように、斜に切って行って、上になるほど幅を広く屋根まで突出しているのが何となく古風である。It cut slantwise past the left edge of the gate so as not to block the view, and it spread wider the higher it rose until it jutted out over the roof, and there was something old-fashioned about it all.
鎌倉時代とも思われる。It seemed almost as if it were the Kamakura period.
ところが見ているものは、みんな自分と同じく、明治の人間である。Yet the people looking on were all men of Meiji, just like me.
その中でも車夫が一番多い。Among them, rickshaw men were the most numerous.
辻待をして退屈だから立っているに相違ない。They must have been bored waiting for fares on the street corner and had stopped to stand there.
「大きなもんだなあ」と云っている。"Big thing, isn't it," one was saying.
「人間を拵えるよりもよっぽど骨が折れるだろう」とも云っている。"Must be a lot harder work than making a human being," another was saying too.
そうかと思うと、「へえ仁王だね。今でも仁王を彫るのかね。へえそうかね。私ゃまた仁王はみんな古いのばかりかと思ってた」と云った男がある。Then there was a man who said, "Huh, guardian kings, eh? So they still carve guardian kings these days? Huh, is that so. And here I thought the guardian kings were all old ones."
「どうも強そうですね。なんだってえますぜ。昔から誰が強いって、仁王ほど強い人あ無いって云いますぜ。何でも日本武尊よりも強いんだってえからね」と話しかけた男もある。And there was another man who chimed in, "They look mighty strong, don't they. They say, you know, that since olden times, whoever you might name as strong, there's nobody as strong as a guardian king. Stronger than Yamato Takeru himself, so they say."
この男は尻を端折って、帽子を被らずにいた。This man had the hem of his kimono tucked up into his sash and wore no hat.
よほど無教育な男と見える。He appeared to be a thoroughly uneducated fellow.
運慶は見物人の評判には委細頓着なく鑿と槌を動かしている。Unkei paid no heed whatsoever to the onlookers' talk, and kept working his chisel and mallet.
いっこう振り向きもしない。He did not so much as turn around.
高い所に乗って、仁王の顔の辺をしきりに彫り抜いて行く。Perched up high, he went on busily carving out the area around the guardian king's face.
運慶は頭に小さい烏帽子のようなものを乗せて、素袍だか何だかわからない大きな袖を背中で括っている。Unkei had something like a small court cap on his head, and wore a garment with great sleeves, a ceremonial robe or something of the kind, which he had tied back behind him.
その様子がいかにも古くさい。His appearance was thoroughly antiquated.
わいわい云ってる見物人とはまるで釣り合が取れないようである。He seemed utterly out of keeping with the chattering onlookers.
自分はどうして今時分まで運慶が生きているのかなと思った。I wondered how Unkei could still be alive at this late date.
どうも不思議な事があるものだと考えながら、やはり立って見ていた。Thinking what a strange thing this was, I nevertheless went on standing there and watching.
しかし運慶の方では不思議とも奇体ともとんと感じ得ない様子で一生懸命に彫っている。Unkei, however, carved with all his might, as though he could feel nothing at all strange or peculiar in it.
仰向いてこの態度を眺めていた一人の若い男が、自分の方を振り向いて、A young man who had been gazing up at this bearing turned toward me
「さすがは運慶だな。眼中に我々なしだ。天下の英雄はただ仁王と我れとあるのみと云う態度だ。天晴れだ」と云って賞め出した。and began to praise him: "That's Unkei for you. We don't exist in his eyes. His attitude says the only heroes under heaven are the guardian king and himself. Splendid."
自分はこの言葉を面白いと思った。I found these words interesting.
それでちょっと若い男の方を見ると、若い男は、すかさず、So I glanced over at the young man, and without missing a beat he said,
「あの鑿と槌の使い方を見たまえ。大自在の妙境に達している」と云った。"Look at the way he uses that chisel and mallet. He has attained a state of perfect freedom and mastery."
運慶は今太い眉を一寸の高さに横へ彫り抜いて、鑿の歯を竪に返すや否や斜すに、上から槌を打ち下した。Unkei had just carved a thick eyebrow sideways, an inch high, and the moment he turned the chisel blade upright he brought the mallet down on it from above at a slant.
堅い木を一と刻みに削って、厚い木屑が槌の声に応じて飛んだと思ったら、小鼻のおっ開いた怒り鼻の側面がたちまち浮き上がって来た。He cut into the hard wood in a single stroke, and no sooner had the thick chips flown at the sound of the mallet than the side of an angry nose with flaring nostrils rose up out of the wood.
その刀の入れ方がいかにも無遠慮であった。The way he drove the blade in was utterly unhesitating.
そうして少しも疑念を挾んでおらんように見えた。And he did not seem to harbour the slightest doubt.
「よくああ無造作に鑿を使って、思うような眉や鼻ができるものだな」と自分はあんまり感心したから独言のように言った。"How can he wield a chisel so casually and still get the eyebrows and nose just as he wants them?" I said, as though to myself, so impressed was I.
するとさっきの若い男が、Then the young man from before said,
「なに、あれは眉や鼻を鑿で作るんじゃない。あの通りの眉や鼻が木の中に埋っているのを、鑿と槌の力で掘り出すまでだ。まるで土の中から石を掘り出すようなものだからけっして間違うはずはない」と云った。"Oh, he isn't making the eyebrows and nose with his chisel. Those very eyebrows and that very nose are buried inside the wood, and he's only digging them out with the power of chisel and mallet. It's just like digging a stone out of the earth, so he can't possibly go wrong."
自分はこの時始めて彫刻とはそんなものかと思い出した。Only then did it first occur to me that this was what sculpture was.
はたしてそうなら誰にでもできる事だと思い出した。If that were really so, I began to think, then anyone could do it.
それで急に自分も仁王が彫ってみたくなったから見物をやめてさっそく家へ帰った。And so, suddenly wanting to carve a guardian king myself, I gave up watching and went straight home.
道具箱から鑿と金槌を持ち出して、裏へ出て見ると、せんだっての暴風で倒れた樫を、薪にするつもりで、木挽に挽かせた手頃な奴が、たくさん積んであった。I took a chisel and hammer out of my toolbox and went out to the back, where I found a good pile of handy-sized pieces of an oak that had blown down in the recent storm, which I'd had a sawyer cut up to use as firewood.
自分は一番大きいのを選んで、勢いよく彫り始めて見たが、不幸にして、仁王は見当らなかった。I chose the biggest one and set to carving it with great vigour, but unfortunately no guardian king was to be found.
その次のにも運悪く掘り当てる事ができなかった。In the next one too, as luck would have it, I failed to strike upon one.
三番目のにも仁王はいなかった。There was no guardian king in the third one either.
自分は積んである薪を片っ端から彫って見たが、どれもこれも仁王を蔵しているのはなかった。I tried carving the stacked firewood one piece after another, but not a single one was hiding a guardian king.
ついに明治の木にはとうてい仁王は埋っていないものだと悟った。At last I realised that in the wood of Meiji there are no guardian kings buried at all.
それで運慶が今日まで生きている理由もほぼ解った。And with that, I more or less understood why Unkei is still alive today.
Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning | JLPT |
|---|---|---|
| 仁王におう | the Guardian Kings: a pair of fierce muscular statues guarding a temple gateThere is no real English equivalent. They are usually carved in wood and stand on either side of the main gate. | — |
| 山門さんもん | main gate of a Buddhist templeLiterally 'mountain gate', because temples were traditionally built on mountains. | — |
| 評判ひょうばん | rumour, talk; reputationHere it means 'word going around'. Later it means the crowd's comments. | N3 |
| 下馬評げばひょう | idle speculation, gossip by onlookersOriginally the chatter of servants waiting where riders dismounted (下馬). | — |
| 刻んできざむ | to carve, to engravedictionary form: 刻むAlso means 'to chop finely'. 彫る is the more common word for carving. | N2 |
| 車夫しゃふ | rickshaw pullerA typical Meiji-era occupation. | — |
| 辻待つじまち | waiting for customers on a street cornerdictionary form: 辻待ち辻 means crossroads. | — |
| 頓着とんじゃく | concern, paying attention (usually with a negative)委細頓着なく means 'not caring in the least'. It is also read とんちゃく. | — |
| 鑿のみ | chiselOften paired with 槌 (つち, mallet). | — |
| 天晴れあっぱれ | splendid! bravo!An old-fashioned exclamation of admiration. | — |
| 無造作むぞうさ | casually, effortlessly, without fuss | — |
| 木挽こびき | sawyer, a man who saws timber by handdictionary form: 木挽き | — |
| 悟ったさとる | to realise, to come to understanddictionary form: 悟るAlso used for Buddhist enlightenment. | N1 |
Grammar
〜に相違ない N2 must be; there is no doubt that
This is a formal, written equivalent of 〜に違いない. It attaches to the plain form and shows that the narrator is confident about his inference.
辻待をして退屈だから立っているに相違ない。
They must have been bored waiting for fares and stopped to stand there.
〜ほど N3 the more …, the more …
When ほど follows a verb such as なる, it means that one thing increases as another does. This is the short form of 〜ば〜ほど. Here the pine widens as it goes higher.
上になるほど幅を広く屋根まで突出している
it spreads wider the higher it goes and juts out over the roof
〜や否や N1 as soon as; the moment that
This literary pattern follows the dictionary form of a verb. It shows that the second action comes immediately after the first.
鑿の歯を竪に返すや否や斜すに、上から槌を打ち下した。
The moment he turned the chisel blade upright, he brought the mallet down at a slant from above.
〜までだ N1 it is merely …; nothing more than …
After a dictionary-form verb, までだ limits the action to 'only this'. The young man means that Unkei is simply digging out what is already there.
鑿と槌の力で掘り出すまでだ。
He's only digging them out with the power of chisel and mallet.
〜はずはない N3 there is no way that; cannot possibly
This pattern expresses strong certainty that something cannot happen. Adding けっして makes it stronger still.
けっして間違うはずはない
he can't possibly go wrong
〜たまえ N2 do …; (a casual command)
This is a masculine, somewhat old-fashioned imperative made from the verb's ます-stem + たまえ. It sounds like an educated young man speaking to an equal or an inferior.
あの鑿と槌の使い方を見たまえ。
Look at the way he uses that chisel and mallet.